n peas, axillary flowers (A) is dominant to terminal flowers (a) and colored flowers (R) is dominant to white (r). A true-breeding plant with white, terminal flowers is crossed with a true-breeding plant having colored, axillary flowers. The F1 plants are then allowed to self-pollinate. ( a) Using a punnet square to illustrate, determine all possible F2 phenotypes and calculate the probability of each. (b) The F2 generation consisted of 308 plants with axillary, colored flowers; 34 plants with terminal, white flowers; 118 plants with axillary, white flowers; and 132 plants with terminal, colored flowers. Using the chi-square test, determine if this outcome is consistent with the predicted ratios for this cross.

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Inheritance and Mendelian Genetics

Inheritance means the passing of traits to offspring from parents. These traits could be passed either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. The offspring receives the genetic material from the parents. Mendelian inheritance is a certain biological inheritance that follows the rules and principles laid down by Gregor Mendel in 1865. The initial hypothesis was considered wrong, but other inheritance theories modified the concept of inheritance and thus genetics.