n numbers 1-8, refer to the data below. This table describes results from a clinical trial of drug A. Some subjects were treated with Drug A while others were given a placebo; then headache events were recorded. Headache No Headache Drug A 117 617 Placebo 29 696 Is the study retrospective or prospective? For those in the Drug A treatment group, find the probability that the subject experienced a headache. Compare P(headache|Drug A) and P(headache|placebo)
Contingency Table
A contingency table can be defined as the visual representation of the relationship between two or more categorical variables that can be evaluated and registered. It is a categorical version of the scatterplot, which is used to investigate the linear relationship between two variables. A contingency table is indeed a type of frequency distribution table that displays two variables at the same time.
Binomial Distribution
Binomial is an algebraic expression of the sum or the difference of two terms. Before knowing about binomial distribution, we must know about the binomial theorem.
In numbers 1-8, refer to the data below. This table describes results from a clinical trial of drug A. Some subjects were treated with Drug A while others were given a placebo; then headache
|
|
Headache |
No Headache |
|
Drug A |
117 |
617 |
|
Placebo |
29 |
696 |
- Is the study retrospective or prospective?
- For those in the Drug A treatment group, find the probability that the subject experienced a headache.
- Compare P(headache|Drug A) and P(headache|placebo).
- Find the value of the absolute risk reduction for headaches in the treatment and placebo groups.
- Find the number of Drug A users that would need to stop using Drug A in order to prevent a single headache.
- For those in the Drug A treatment group, find the odds in favor of a headache, then find the odds against a headache.
- Find the odds ratio for headaches in the treatment group compared to the placebo group, then interpret the result. Should Drug A users be concerned about headaches as an adverse reaction?
For numbers 8-15, use the data in the next table to find the indicated rates. Round results to one decimal place and use a multiplying factor of k = 1000 unless indicated otherwise.
|
Population: 312,799,495 |
Deaths: 2,515,458 |
|
Women aged 15-44: 61,488,227 |
Motor vehicle deaths: 33,783 |
|
Live births: 3,953,590 |
Fetuses delivered without life after 20 weeks of gestation: 26,148 |
|
Deaths of infants under 1 year of age: 23,910 |
Deaths of infants under 28 days of age: 15,973 |
|
HIV-infected persons: 1,155,792 |
Deaths |
- Find the neonatal mortality rate.
- Find the fetal mortality rate.
- Find the perinatal mortality rate.
- Find the crude birth rate.
- Find the general fertility rate.
- Using a multiplier of k = 100,000, find the motor vehicle death incidence rate.
- Find the HIV infection prevalence rate.
- Find the HIV infection mortality rate for HIV-infected persons.
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