Multiple-Choice Questions In 4D printing, what is the fourth dimension? A. Space B. Movement C. Time D. Material What inspired the team at the MIT self-assembly lab to conceive the Autonomous Mass Assembly concept? A. The natural growth of viruses B. Japanese architecture C. Islamic patterns in traditional ornaments D. The movie "Avatar" Which of the following are possible applications of 4D printing? Select all correct answers. A. Smart water pipes B. Self-assembled structures C. Ready-made electronic devices D. Superior sound systems What activating energies are used in the 4D products presented in the lesson? A. Heat B. Water C. Microwave D. Sound-waves

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Strain energy

The term strain indicates the variation in an object's length, area, and volume when the object is subjected to an external force. The external force may be of normal, shear, moment, torque, etc. The strain in an object depends on the types of external force and cross-section of the object. Mathematically, the evaluation of strain can be obtained with the help of elastic constants.