16. Monosaccharides can be classified based on the number of carbons they contain and the type of group attached to the molecule.**Select all the monosaccharides that are correctly paired with their class.**- [ ] dihydroxyacetone : triose ketose- [ ] fructose : hexose ketose- [ ] erythrose : tetrose aldose- [ ] erythrose : tetrose ketose- [ ] glyceraldehyde : triose aldose- [ ] ribose : hexose aldose**Epimers** are monosaccharide diastereoisomers that have a single asymmetric carbon. **Anomers** are diastereoisomers in which the hemiacetal carbon of a cyclic monosaccharide is asymmetric. Determine whether each pair of monosaccharides consists of epimers, anomers, or an aldose-ketose pair.**Categories for Classification:**- **Epimers**- **Anomers**- **Aldose-ketose pair****Answer Bank:**- D-glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone- D-galactose and D-glucose- D-glucose and D-mannose- D-ribose and D-ribulose- α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose- D-glucose and D-fructose**Diagram Explanation:**The diagram provides three blank boxes under the categories "Epimers," "Anomers," and "Aldose-ketose pair" where users are supposed to match the pairs correctly from the provided answer bank. Each pair should be placed in the correct category based on their characteristics as defined above.

Answered: Monosaccharides can be classified based…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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16.

Monosaccharides can be classified based on the number of carbons they contain and the type of group attached to the molecule.

**Select all the monosaccharides that are correctly paired with their class.**

- [ ] dihydroxyacetone : triose ketose
- [ ] fructose : hexose ketose
- [ ] erythrose : tetrose aldose
- [ ] erythrose : tetrose ketose
- [ ] glyceraldehyde : triose aldose
- [ ] ribose : hexose aldose

**Epimers** are monosaccharide diastereoisomers that have a single asymmetric carbon. **Anomers** are diastereoisomers in which the hemiacetal carbon of a cyclic monosaccharide is asymmetric. Determine whether each pair of monosaccharides consists of epimers, anomers, or an aldose-ketose pair.

**Categories for Classification:**

- **Epimers**
- **Anomers**
- **Aldose-ketose pair**

**Answer Bank:**

- D-glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone
- D-galactose and D-glucose
- D-glucose and D-mannose
- D-ribose and D-ribulose
- α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose
- D-glucose and D-fructose

**Diagram Explanation:**

The diagram provides three blank boxes under the categories "Epimers," "Anomers," and "Aldose-ketose pair" where users are supposed to match the pairs correctly from the provided answer bank. Each pair should be placed in the correct category based on their characteristics as defined above.

Expert Solution

Step 1: Note on monosaccharides

The most basic type of carbohydrates are called monosaccharides, or "simple sugars." They are made up of just one sugar molecule and are not capable of hydrolyzing any more. Monosaccharides function as the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates and are vital sources of energy for living things. Glucose, fructose, and ribose are common examples; they all have unique chemical structures and roles in biological processes. Monosaccharides are categorised according to the type of functional group (aldose or ketose) and number of carbons they contain (triose, tetrose, pentose, hexose, etc.). They can have linear or ring structures. These molecules are essential for many biological functions, including as energy storage, cellular respiration, and the maintenance of an organism's structural integrity.