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Modify the structure of the amino acid valine to complete the reactions corresponding to the equilibrium constants Kb1 and Kb2. Modify the amino acid by adding or removing protons to the nitrogen and oxygen atoms, and by adding charges where appropriate. Select Draw Rings More 2 H₂C CUI H₂N-C H C H N CH, 0= с Erase O OH Q 2 Q +H₂O(1) Select Draw Rings More 2 H₂C H₂N H C H CH₂ 01 U O N OH 0 Erase Q2 Q +OH(aq)

Modify the structure of the amino acid valine to complete the reactions corresponding to the equilibrium constants Kb1 and Kb2. Modify the amino acid by adding or removing protons to the nitrogen and oxygen atoms, and by adding charges where appropriate. Select Draw Rings More 2 H₂C CUI H₂N-C H C H N CH, 0= с Erase O OH Q 2 Q +H₂O(1) Select Draw Rings More 2 H₂C H₂N H C H CH₂ 01 U O N OH 0 Erase Q2 Q +OH(aq)

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**Valine Acid-Base Reaction Simulation** To understand the base reactions of the amino acid valine, follow these instructions. You are required to modify the structure to correspond to the equilibrium constants \( K_{b1} \) and \( K_{b2} \). **Instructions:** 1. **Modify Valine Structure:** - Adjust the valine molecule by adding or removing protons on the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. - Insert charges as necessary. 2. **Reaction Process:** - The initial molecule on the left depicts valine with specific molecular structure. - Through interaction with water (\( H_2O(l) \)), a reaction occurs guided by \( K_{b1} \). **Diagram Description:** - **Molecule on the Left:** - Displays the structure of valine. The carbon atoms are bonded to hydrogen and an amino group (NH\(_2\)) on the left, with an oxygen (O) double-bonded to another carbon. - This structure is available on an interactive canvas with options to draw or erase, featuring element buttons (C, H, N, O) and bond tools. - **Reaction Transition:** - An arrow indicates an equilibrium reaction with reversible process notation (\(\rightleftharpoons\)). - Interaction with \( H_2O(l) \) on the left side facilitates the modification. - **Molecule on the Right:** - The valine structure indicates changes as per the reaction with an additional hydroxide ion (OH\(^-\)(aq)) depicted. - Similar drawing tools are available as on the left. This simulation assists in visualizing chemical equilibria involving amino acids under varying protonation states. Analyze how valine's structure changes during interaction with water, adjusting bonds and charges to reflect theoretical models.
Transcribed Image Text:**Valine Acid-Base Reaction Simulation** To understand the base reactions of the amino acid valine, follow these instructions. You are required to modify the structure to correspond to the equilibrium constants \( K_{b1} \) and \( K_{b2} \). **Instructions:** 1. **Modify Valine Structure:** - Adjust the valine molecule by adding or removing protons on the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. - Insert charges as necessary. 2. **Reaction Process:** - The initial molecule on the left depicts valine with specific molecular structure. - Through interaction with water (\( H_2O(l) \)), a reaction occurs guided by \( K_{b1} \). **Diagram Description:** - **Molecule on the Left:** - Displays the structure of valine. The carbon atoms are bonded to hydrogen and an amino group (NH\(_2\)) on the left, with an oxygen (O) double-bonded to another carbon. - This structure is available on an interactive canvas with options to draw or erase, featuring element buttons (C, H, N, O) and bond tools. - **Reaction Transition:** - An arrow indicates an equilibrium reaction with reversible process notation (\(\rightleftharpoons\)). - Interaction with \( H_2O(l) \) on the left side facilitates the modification. - **Molecule on the Right:** - The valine structure indicates changes as per the reaction with an additional hydroxide ion (OH\(^-\)(aq)) depicted. - Similar drawing tools are available as on the left. This simulation assists in visualizing chemical equilibria involving amino acids under varying protonation states. Analyze how valine's structure changes during interaction with water, adjusting bonds and charges to reflect theoretical models.
The image shows a chemical equilibrium involving valine. There are two molecular structures with a reversible reaction arrow and an addition of water \((H_2O(l))\). **Left Structure:** - Central carbon bound to an amino group \((NH_2)\), hydrogen \((H)\), methyl group \((CH_3)\), and a carboxylic acid group \((COOH)\). - Valine in its neutral form before reaction with water. **Right Structure:** - Similar to left structure but the carboxyl group has lost a hydrogen ion, forming a carboxylate ion \((COO^-)\). - Hydroxide ion \((OH^-)\) is present indicating a basic condition. **Reaction Description:** - Equilibrium constant \(K_{b2}\) describes the conversion of valine and water into a deprotonated form of valine and hydroxide ion. **Text Below:** "Valine has \(pK_a\) values of 2.286 (\(pK_{a1}\)) and 9.719 (\(pK_{a2}\)). What are the values of \(K_{b1}\) and \(K_{b2}\)?" This presents a question related to calculating the base dissociation constants for valine using its given acid dissociation constants.
Transcribed Image Text:The image shows a chemical equilibrium involving valine. There are two molecular structures with a reversible reaction arrow and an addition of water \((H_2O(l))\). **Left Structure:** - Central carbon bound to an amino group \((NH_2)\), hydrogen \((H)\), methyl group \((CH_3)\), and a carboxylic acid group \((COOH)\). - Valine in its neutral form before reaction with water. **Right Structure:** - Similar to left structure but the carboxyl group has lost a hydrogen ion, forming a carboxylate ion \((COO^-)\). - Hydroxide ion \((OH^-)\) is present indicating a basic condition. **Reaction Description:** - Equilibrium constant \(K_{b2}\) describes the conversion of valine and water into a deprotonated form of valine and hydroxide ion. **Text Below:** "Valine has \(pK_a\) values of 2.286 (\(pK_{a1}\)) and 9.719 (\(pK_{a2}\)). What are the values of \(K_{b1}\) and \(K_{b2}\)?" This presents a question related to calculating the base dissociation constants for valine using its given acid dissociation constants.
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