Model the underprovision of a public good as a prisoner's dilemma. To make the modeling easier, you may assume that the economy consists of two people.
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- An externality, which is sometimes also called a (Spillover OR Social cost) , can have a negative or a positive impact on the third party. An externality occurs when an exchange between a (Buyer and seller OR Population of two cities) has an impact on a third party who (Is not OR is) part of the exchange. For a negative externality, the private costs of an action are (Less or More) than the costs imposed on society as a whole. For a positive externality, the private benefits of an action are (Less or More) than the social benefits. An example of positive externality is (Vccination OR Good wether), whereas an example of negative externality is (Population OR Hurricane)Suppose that speeding imposes externalities on other people resulting in a social cost of $50. A town is considering hiring an extra police officer to give out speeding tickets. If we want to maximize social welfare (absent enforcement costs), which of the following statements are true? (Assume risk neutral drivers.) What happens to the socially optimal cost of the speeding ticket if the town decides to hire the police officer? a) It goes down b) It goes up c) The amount that it goes down depends on salary of the police officer d) The amount if goes up depends on the salary of the police officer e) None of the aboveFor each of the following, indicate how you might apply the four core principles of economics (the cost benefit principle, the opportunity cost principle, the marginal principle, or the interdependence principle). You are considering whether you should vote in the next election. You watch a beautiful sunset from the back porch of your home. Should you major in economics or philosophy? Should you and your spouse purchase a second vehicle?
- Think about two public goods?public schools and food assistance for needy families. Consider the implications of the Tiebout model. Which of the goods is more efficiently provided locally? Which is more efficiently provided centrally? Explain.Explain why externalities pose a problem for the utilitarian/invisible hand argument in favor of free market/laissez-faire capitalism. Be precise and thorough and use your own words4. Two people, A and B, are deciding whether to put effort into producing a public good or not. Each person, i, can either choose no effort (s; = 0) or yes effort (s; 1). The total public good produced is G = max{SA, SB}. The cost of doing no effort is 0. The cost of doing yes effort is 1.5. The payoff to a player is the total public goods provided (G) minus her personal costs. i. Given a choice by player B, SB, write down player A's utility from choosing no effort. Given a choice by player B, SB, write down player A?s utility from choosing yes effort.
- Lucia is waiting in line to receive a free t-shirt at a charity event. Because the shirts are free, there are many people in line, and a long wait time is expected. Consider the following sentence: By waiting in line for the shirt Lucia will miss an appointment to tutor an economics student, for which she would have been paid $30. Which basic concept of individual choice does this sentence best illustrate? A. Externalities are a shortcoming of the market. B. Many decisions are made on the margin. C. People usually exploit opportunities to make themselves better off. D. Opportunity costs and money costs (price) are related but are not always exactly the same.Cause and Individual Example of Market Failure with a Negative Externality In Section 1, externalities are introduced as well as market failures, where the socially optimal output is not the same as what the market produces by itself. For this discussion, your task is to: Describe a real-world negative externality. In your externality identify who are the participants in the market and who receives the spillover How are the incentives for the firm misaligned from the rest of society to make the externality?please answer all including ones that may have already been selected. Eric and Kenji are considering contributing toward the creation of a public park. Each can choose whether to contribute $300 to the public park or to keep that $300 for a cell phone. Since a public park is a public good, both Eric and Kenji will benefit from any contributions made by the other person. Specifically, every dollar that either one of them contributes will bring each of them $0.90 of benefit. For example, if both Eric and Kenji choose to contribute, then a total of $600 would be contributed to the public park. So, Eric and Kenji would each receive $540 of benefit from the public park, and their combined benefit would be $1,080. This is shown in the upper left cell of the first table. Since a cell phone is a private good, if Eric chooses to spend $300 on a cell phone, Eric would get $300 of benefit from the cell phone and Kenji wouldn't receive any benefit from Eric's choice. If Eric still spends $300…
- A well educated society can be considered which of the following, as it pertains to economics? Negative Externality Positive Externality Economic Relief Social WelfareWhat is an externality in economics? Explain how a neighbor’s barking dog could be both a positive and a negative externality. Can pollution ever make us better off? How do we know? Should we aim to eliminate all pollution? If not, what should our goal be? Defend your answer. When thinking about types of goods, what does rivalry mean? What does excludability mean? What are the four categories of goods we can identify using those attributes, and what is an example of a good in each category?Economists argue that if you are trying to maximize net social benefits, you generally should NOT keep doing more of something (like reducing pollution) until the total cost of abatement exceeds the total damages of the pollution (i.e., the total benefits of abatement). You should stop sooner. Why?
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