**Title: Application of Markovnikov's Rule in Organic Chemistry****Introduction:**Markovnikov's rule is an essential principle in organic chemistry that assists in predicting the outcomes of addition reactions involving hydrogen halides (HX) and alkenes. This rule states that, in the addition of HX to an asymmetric alkene, the hydrogen (H) from HX attaches to the carbon atom with the greater number of hydrogen atoms, whereas the halide (X) attaches to the carbon with fewer hydrogen atoms.**Question:**Markovnikov's rule is needed to predict the product in the reaction between HCl and which compound below:**Options:**a) \( \text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2 \)b) \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3 \)c) \( \text{CH}_2=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3 \)d) \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_3 \)**Answer Explanation:**To determine which compound requires the application of Markovnikov's rule to predict the reaction product with HCl, we need to examine whether the compounds are alkenes (which have a double bond) and are asymmetric.- Option **a)** \( \text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2 \): This is ethene, a symmetric alkene. Since both carbon atoms in ethene are equivalent, Markovnikov's rule is not necessary. - Option **b)** \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3 \): This is 2-butene. Both carbon atoms that are part of the double bond have one hydrogen and one methyl group, making it symmetric around the double bond.- Option **c)** \( \text{CH}_2=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3 \): This is propene, an asymmetric alkene. Application of Markovnikov's rule will help predict that H from HCl will attach to the end carbon (the CH₂ group), and Cl will attach to the middle carbon.- Option **d)** \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_3 \): This compound is ethane, which is an alkane, lacking a double bond. Therefore, Markovnikov's rule does not apply.**Correct Answer

Addition of a protic acid (HX) to the assymetric alkene or alkyne where X group is attached to more…

Answered: Markovnikov's rule is needed to predict…

Markovnikov's rule is needed to predict the product in the reaction between HCl and which compound below: a) CH2=CH2 b) CH3-CH=CH-CH3 c) CH2=CH-CH3 d) CH3-CHЗ O a O d O b Oc

Chemistry

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ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

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Concept explainers

Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Alkanes are saturated organic compounds which are made up of C and H atoms. Alkanes have the general formula of CnH2n+2. Alkane contains sp3 hybridized carbon atoms with four sigmas (σ) bonds & every hydrogen atom is connected with one of the carbon atoms. The size of the alkane could be determined by the number of carbon atoms located in it.

Question

**Title: Application of Markovnikov's Rule in Organic Chemistry**

**Introduction:**
Markovnikov's rule is an essential principle in organic chemistry that assists in predicting the outcomes of addition reactions involving hydrogen halides (HX) and alkenes. This rule states that, in the addition of HX to an asymmetric alkene, the hydrogen (H) from HX attaches to the carbon atom with the greater number of hydrogen atoms, whereas the halide (X) attaches to the carbon with fewer hydrogen atoms.

**Question:**
Markovnikov's rule is needed to predict the product in the reaction between HCl and which compound below:

**Options:**
a) \( \text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2 \)

b) \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3 \)

c) \( \text{CH}_2=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3 \)

d) \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_3 \)

**Answer Explanation:**
To determine which compound requires the application of Markovnikov's rule to predict the reaction product with HCl, we need to examine whether the compounds are alkenes (which have a double bond) and are asymmetric.

- Option **a)** \( \text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2 \): This is ethene, a symmetric alkene. Since both carbon atoms in ethene are equivalent, Markovnikov's rule is not necessary.

- Option **b)** \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3 \): This is 2-butene. Both carbon atoms that are part of the double bond have one hydrogen and one methyl group, making it symmetric around the double bond.

- Option **c)** \( \text{CH}_2=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3 \): This is propene, an asymmetric alkene. Application of Markovnikov's rule will help predict that H from HCl will attach to the end carbon (the CH₂ group), and Cl will attach to the middle carbon.

- Option **d)** \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_3 \): This compound is ethane, which is an alkane, lacking a double bond. Therefore, Markovnikov's rule does not apply.

**Correct Answer

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