MarkLines is an online portal (www.marklines.com) that reports automotive industry data. The table below shows the number of cars sold in the United States from January to November in 2017 and 2018. The top 22 manufacturers, plus others, are listed here. Sales data often is reported in this way to compare current sales to last year’s sales. Car Sales Manufacturer Jan.-Nov. 2017 Jan.-Nov. 2018 GM (Est.) 2,691,493 2,654,568 Ford 2,334,290 2,265,590 Toyota 2,211,533 2,205,762 Fiat Chrysler 1,887,430 2,038,684 Honda 1,492,112 1,449,713 Nissan 1,455,238 1,345,157 Hyundai 621,961 612,225 Subaru 584,614 615,594 Kia 546,629 542,245 Mercedes (includes Sprinter) 332,990 318,012 BMW 271,432 276,657 VW 309,395 322,017 Mazda 262,577 274,455 Audi 199,534 200,558 Tesla (Est.) 40,320 106,050 Land Rover 66,759 81,526 Volvo 71828 89437 Mitsubishi 95,185 109,088 Porsche 51,507 53,116 MINI 42,494 40,887 Jaguar 36,180 27,021 Others 18,901 17,251 smart 2,905 1,154 Using computer software, compare 2017 sales to the 2018 sales for each manufacturer by computing the difference. Make a list of the manufacturers that increased sales compared to 2017; make a list of manufacturers that decreased sales. Which manufacturers are in the top five with increased sales? Which manufacturers are in the bottom five with decreased sales? (Enter values in decreasing order and negative values with a minus sign.) Top five Manufacturer Difference from 2017 to 2018 Bottom five Manufacturer % change from 2017
Inverse Normal Distribution
The method used for finding the corresponding z-critical value in a normal distribution using the known probability is said to be an inverse normal distribution. The inverse normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution with a family of two parameters.
Mean, Median, Mode
It is a descriptive summary of a data set. It can be defined by using some of the measures. The central tendencies do not provide information regarding individual data from the dataset. However, they give a summary of the data set. The central tendency or measure of central tendency is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.
Z-Scores
A z-score is a unit of measurement used in statistics to describe the position of a raw score in terms of its distance from the mean, measured with reference to standard deviation from the mean. Z-scores are useful in statistics because they allow comparison between two scores that belong to different normal distributions.
| Car Sales | ||
| Manufacturer | Jan.-Nov. 2017 |
Jan.-Nov. 2018 |
| GM (Est.) | 2,691,493 | 2,654,568 |
| Ford | 2,334,290 | 2,265,590 |
| Toyota | 2,211,533 | 2,205,762 |
| Fiat Chrysler | 1,887,430 | 2,038,684 |
| Honda | 1,492,112 | 1,449,713 |
| Nissan | 1,455,238 | 1,345,157 |
| Hyundai | 621,961 | 612,225 |
| Subaru | 584,614 | 615,594 |
| Kia | 546,629 | 542,245 |
| Mercedes (includes Sprinter) | 332,990 | 318,012 |
| BMW | 271,432 | 276,657 |
| VW | 309,395 | 322,017 |
| Mazda | 262,577 | 274,455 |
| Audi | 199,534 | 200,558 |
| Tesla (Est.) | 40,320 | 106,050 |
| Land Rover | 66,759 | 81,526 |
| Volvo | 71828 | 89437 |
| Mitsubishi | 95,185 | 109,088 |
| Porsche | 51,507 | 53,116 |
| MINI | 42,494 | 40,887 |
| Jaguar | 36,180 | 27,021 |
| Others | 18,901 | 17,251 |
| smart | 2,905 | 1,154 |
Using computer software, compare 2017 sales to the 2018 sales for each manufacturer by computing the difference. Make a list of the manufacturers that increased sales compared to 2017; make a list of manufacturers that decreased sales. Which manufacturers are in the top five with increased sales? Which manufacturers are in the bottom five with decreased sales? (Enter values in decreasing order and negative values with a minus sign.)
| Top five Manufacturer | Difference from 2017 to 2018 |
| Bottom five Manufacturer | % change from 2017 |
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