Many solids are made of crystals like salt, sugar or quartz briefly describe the arrangement of atoms in crystals compared to non crystalline solids or amorphous solids like rubber or plastics.

Review, (a) H it has enough kinetic energy, a molecule at the surface of the Earth can escape the Earths gravitation in the sense that it can continue to move away from the Earth forever as discussed in Section 13.6. Using the principle of conservation of energy, show that the minimum kinetic energy needed for escape is m0gRE where m0 is the mass of the molecule, g is the free-fall acceleration at the surface, and RE is the radius of the Earth, (b) Calculate the temperature for which the minimum escape kinetic energy is ten times the average kinetic energy of an oxygen molecule.

Collectible coins are sometimes plated with gold to enhance their beauty and value. Consider a commemorative quarter-dollar advertised for sale at 4.98. It has a diameter of 24.1 mm and a thickness of 1.78 mm. and it is completely covered with a layer of pure gold 0.180 m thick. The volume of the plating is equal to the thickness of the layer multiplied by the area to which it is applied. The patterns on the faces of the coin and the grooves on its edge have a negligible effect on its area. Assume the price of gold is 25.0 per gram, (a) Find the cost of the gold added to the coin, (b) Does the cost of the gold significantly enhance the value of the coin? Explain your answer.

A carbon nanotube is a nanometer-scale cylindrical tube composed of carbon atoms. One of its interesting properties is a very large Youngs modulus, measured to be more than 1.000 1012 N/m2. A tensile stress of 5.3 1010 N/m2 is exerted on a particular nanotube with a Youngs modulus measured at 2.130 1012 N/m2. Assuming the nanotube obeys Hookes law, by what percentage does the atomic spacing increase?

You observe two helium balloons floating next to each other at the ends of strings secured to a table. The facing surfaces of the balloons are separated by 12 cm. You blow through the small space between the balloons. What happens to the balloons? (a) They move toward each other. (b) They move away from each other. (c) They are unaffected.

Dry air is primarily composed of nitrogen. In a classroom demonstration, a physics instructor pours 2.00 L of liquid nitrogen into a beaker. After the nitrogen evaporates, how much volume does it occupy if its density is equal to that of the dry air at sea level? Liquid nitrogen has a density of 808 kg/m3.

In 1983, the United States began coining the one-cent piece out of copper-clad zinc rather than pure copper. The mass of the old copper penny is 3.083 g and that of the new cent is 2.517 g. The density of copper is 8.920 g/cm3 and that of zinc is 7.133 g/cm3. The new and old coins have the same volume. Calculate the percent of zinc (by volume) in the new cent.

The v = 0 to v = 1 vibrational transition of the HI molecule occurs at a frequency of 6.69 × 1013 Hz. The same transition for the NO molecule occurs at a frequency of 5.63 × 1013 Hz. Calculate (a) the effective force constant and (b) the amplitude of vibration for each molecule. (c) Explain why the force constant of the NO molecule is so much larger than that of the HI molecule.

Review. While you arc on a trip to Europe, you must purchase hazelnut chocolate bars for your grandmother. Eating just one square each day, she makes each large bar last for one and one-third months. Mow many bars will constitute a years supply for her?

Determine the lowest three rotational energy levels of H2.