Makers of cameras often use pixel count as an indicator of quality, and add sensors with more and more pixels. But the number of pixels is only one determinant of image quality. If the width of the central maximum of a diffraction pattern is larger than twice the spacing between the pixels, then packing the pixels more densely won’t change the image quality. It’s hard to get a camera with good optical quality in a smartphone; the lens must be small, so diffraction will be an issue. One smartphone manufacturer includes a camera with 20.7 MP, which sounds very good. But let’s look at the numbers: The distance between the pixels is 1.2 μm; the focal length of the lens is 4.8 mm, with a 2.2-mm-diameter aperture. For 600 nm light,what is the width of the central maximum? Could a sensor with more widely spaced pixels provide similar image quality?
Ray Optics
Optics is the study of light in the field of physics. It refers to the study and properties of light. Optical phenomena can be classified into three categories: ray optics, wave optics, and quantum optics. Geometrical optics, also known as ray optics, is an optics model that explains light propagation using rays. In an optical device, a ray is a direction along which light energy is transmitted from one point to another. Geometric optics assumes that waves (rays) move in straight lines before they reach a surface. When a ray collides with a surface, it can bounce back (reflect) or bend (refract), but it continues in a straight line. The laws of reflection and refraction are the fundamental laws of geometrical optics. Light is an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength that falls within the visible spectrum.
Converging Lens
Converging lens, also known as a convex lens, is thinner at the upper and lower edges and thicker at the center. The edges are curved outwards. This lens can converge a beam of parallel rays of light that is coming from outside and focus it on a point on the other side of the lens.
Plano-Convex Lens
To understand the topic well we will first break down the name of the topic, ‘Plano Convex lens’ into three separate words and look at them individually.
Lateral Magnification
In very simple terms, the same object can be viewed in enlarged versions of itself, which we call magnification. To rephrase, magnification is the ability to enlarge the image of an object without physically altering its dimensions and structure. This process is mainly done to get an even more detailed view of the object by scaling up the image. A lot of daily life examples for this can be the use of magnifying glasses, projectors, and microscopes in laboratories. This plays a vital role in the fields of research and development and to some extent even our daily lives; our daily activity of magnifying images and texts on our mobile screen for a better look is nothing other than magnification.
Makers of cameras often use pixel count as an indicator of quality, and add sensors with more and more pixels. But the number of pixels is only one determinant of image quality. If the width of the central maximum of a diffraction pattern is larger than twice the spacing between the pixels, then packing the pixels more densely won’t change the image quality. It’s hard to get a camera with good optical quality in a smartphone; the lens must be small, so diffraction will be an issue. One smartphone manufacturer includes a camera with 20.7 MP, which sounds very good. But let’s look at the numbers: The distance between the pixels is 1.2 μm; the focal length of the lens is 4.8 mm, with a 2.2-mm-diameter aperture. For 600 nm light,
what is the width of the central maximum? Could a sensor with more widely spaced pixels provide similar image quality?
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