Macroscale Microscale Nanoscale 1x10°m 1x10-'m 1x10m 1x10*m 1x10"m 1x10m 1x10m 1x10"m 1x10-m 1x10"m 1x10-10m 1x10-1'm 1x10-12m 1 dm 1 cm 1 mm 100 um 10 μη 1 μη 1 nm 100 pm 10 pm 1 pm 1m 100 nm 10 nm Height of human Pencil Paper clip Thickness Width of Red blood Virus Protein Sugar Atom of a dime human cell molecule hair Specialized microscopes are used to measure Inanoscale features. Optical microscope- Electron microscope- -Human - Atomic force microscope- eye - FIGURE 1.10 Figure It Out What objects can be seen with a microscope but not the human eye? What particles can be imaged with an atomic force microscope but not an optical microscope? Size scale of macroscopic and microscopic objects. force microscope but not an optical microscope. Some very high resolution images of individual atoms have been Answer: Cells can be seen with a microscope but not the eye. Molecules and viruses can be seen with an atomic recorded with an atomic force microscope.
States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Refer to Figure 1.10. What object(s) can be seen with an optical microscope but not the human eye? Select all the correct answers.
(a) An tiny ant (1 mm long)
(b) A cell (5µm radius)
(c) A virus (50 nm radius)
(d) A molecule (1 nm radius)
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