m of a horizontal line passing through a vertical lens. Along the horizontal line, from left to right, there is a dot, then there is a letter O with an arrow pointing upward above it, then the lens, then a second dot, and then a letter I with an arrow pointing downward under it. The arrow above the letter O ends, and a horizontal arrow extends from its end to the right until it meets the vertical lens. A diagonal arrow begins at the intersection of the vertical and horizontal arrows, and extends to the right and down. A second diagonal arrow begins at the intersection of the horizontal arrow and the lens, extending to the right and down, through the second dot on the horizontal line. Both diagonal arrows end at the end of the arrow below the letter I.
Ray Optics
Optics is the study of light in the field of physics. It refers to the study and properties of light. Optical phenomena can be classified into three categories: ray optics, wave optics, and quantum optics. Geometrical optics, also known as ray optics, is an optics model that explains light propagation using rays. In an optical device, a ray is a direction along which light energy is transmitted from one point to another. Geometric optics assumes that waves (rays) move in straight lines before they reach a surface. When a ray collides with a surface, it can bounce back (reflect) or bend (refract), but it continues in a straight line. The laws of reflection and refraction are the fundamental laws of geometrical optics. Light is an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength that falls within the visible spectrum.
Converging Lens
Converging lens, also known as a convex lens, is thinner at the upper and lower edges and thicker at the center. The edges are curved outwards. This lens can converge a beam of parallel rays of light that is coming from outside and focus it on a point on the other side of the lens.
Plano-Convex Lens
To understand the topic well we will first break down the name of the topic, ‘Plano Convex lens’ into three separate words and look at them individually.
Lateral Magnification
In very simple terms, the same object can be viewed in enlarged versions of itself, which we call magnification. To rephrase, magnification is the ability to enlarge the image of an object without physically altering its dimensions and structure. This process is mainly done to get an even more detailed view of the object by scaling up the image. A lot of daily life examples for this can be the use of magnifying glasses, projectors, and microscopes in laboratories. This plays a vital role in the fields of research and development and to some extent even our daily lives; our daily activity of magnifying images and texts on our mobile screen for a better look is nothing other than magnification.
A diagram of a horizontal line passing through a vertical lens. Along the horizontal line, from left to right, there is a dot, then there is a letter O with an arrow pointing upward above it, then the lens, then a second dot, and then a letter I with an arrow pointing downward under it. The arrow above the letter O ends, and a horizontal arrow extends from its end to the right until it meets the vertical lens. A diagonal arrow begins at the intersection of the vertical and horizontal arrows, and extends to the right and down. A second diagonal arrow begins at the intersection of the horizontal arrow and the lens, extending to the right and down, through the second dot on the horizontal line. Both diagonal arrows end at the end of the arrow below the letter I.
A diagram of a horizontal line passing through a vertical lens. Along the horizontal line, from left to right, there is a dot, then there is a letter O with an arrow pointing upward above it, then the lens, then there is a letter I with an arrow pointing upward above it. At the end of the arrow above the letter O, there is a horizontal arrow pointing in both directions. There is also a diagonal arrow pointing to the right and down, ending where the horizontal line and vertical lens meet. At the end of the arrow above the letter I, a diagonal arrow extends to the left and down, passing through the point where the horizontal line and the vertical lens meet.
A diagram of a horizontal line passing through a vertical lens. Along the horizontal line, from left to right, there is a dot, then there is a letter O with an arrow pointing upward above it, then there is a letter I with an arrow pointing upward above it, then the lens. A diagonal arrow begins at the dot and points to the right and up. A horizontal arrow points from the end of the arrow above the letter O, rightward toward the intersection of the diagonal arrow and the lens. A second diagonal arrow begins at the end of the arrow above the letter O, pointing to the right and down, and passing through the point where the horizontal line and the vertical lens intersect. At the point where the first and second diagonal arrows intersect, the arrow above the letter I ends.
A diagram of a horizontal line passing through a vertical lens. Along the horizontal line, from left to right, there is a dot, then there is a letter I with an arrow pointing upward above it, a letter O with an arrow pointing upward above it, then the lens. The arrow above the letter I ends, and 2 diagonal arrows point to the right and down. The first arrow passes through the intersection of the horizontal line and the vertical lens. The second arrow passes through the lens and through a dot on the horizontal line, on the other side of the lens. The arrow above the letter O ends at the first diagonal arrow, and a horizontal arrow begins at this intersection, extends to the right, and ends at the intersection of the lens and the second diagonal arrow.
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