DNA and RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is usually called the blueprint of life. Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide that has a key function in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. One less oxygen-containing hydroxyl group occurs in deoxyribose sugar. Nucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, is one of the natural components. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a double-stranded molecule. Watson and Crick postulated the double-stranded model of the helix. A deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecular group that carries and transmits genetic information from parents to offspring. All eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are involved.
DNA as the Genetic Material
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long polymeric nucleic acid molecule discovered in the late 1930s. It is a polymer; a long chain-like molecule made up of several monomers connected in a sequence. It possesses certain characteristics that qualify it as a genetic component. Certain organisms have different types of nucleic acids as their genetic material - DNA or RNA.
Genetics
The significant branch in science which involves the study of genes, gene variations, and the organism's heredity is known as genetics. It is also used to study the involvement of a gene or set of genes in the health of an individual and how it prevents several diseases in a human being. Thus, genetics also creates an understanding of various medical conditions.
DNA Replication
The mechanism by which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is capable of producing an exact copy of its own is defined as DNA replication. The DNA molecules utilize a semiconservative method for replication.
![DNA Extraction by Alkaline Lysis
Procedure:
1. Spin 1.5 ml of cells in a microcentrifuge at maximum speed (12,000 rpm) for 20s to
pellet. Remove the supernatant completely with a Pasteur pipet or a plastic pipettor tip.
The spins can be performed at 4C or at room temperature. Longer spins make it difficult
to resuspend cells.
2. Resuspend pellet in 100µl GTE solution and let sit 5 min at room temperature. Be sure
cells are completely resuspended.
3. Add 200µl NaOH/SDS solution, mix by tapping tube with finger, and place on ice for 5
min.
4. Add 150µl potassium acetate solution and vortex at maximum speed for 2s to mix.
Place on ice for 5-15 min. Be sure mixing is complete.
5. Spin 3 min at 12,000 rpm to pellet cell debris and chromosomal DNA.
6. Transfer 0.4 ml supernatant to a fresh tube, mix it with 0.8 ml of 95% ethanol or 0.4
ml isopropanol, and let sit 2 min at room temperature precipitate nucleic acids.
7. Spin at 12,000rpm for 3 min at room temperature to pellet plasmid DNA and RNA.
8. Remove supernatant, wash the pellet with 70% ethanol, and dry pellet under vacuum.
9. Resuspend the pellet in 30ul TE buffer and store at 4°C. Contaminating RNA may
interfere with detection of DNA fragments on the agarose gel; it can be destroyed by
adding lul of a 10 mg/ml RNase solution (DNase-free).
Isolation of DNA from Banana
Procedure:
1) The precipitating agent was prepared by adding 1 tablespoon of salt and 5 tablespoons
ofliquid soap. Then, 100mL of hot water was mixed and stirred evenly.
2) A banana was peeled and chopped into small pieces, then it was placed in a bowl
withsufficient water and then mixed with the precipitating agent.
3) The banana was then mashed with a fork.
4) The mashed banana was then filtered through gauze with a strainer and the
filtrate iscollected in a transparent container.
5) The methylated spirit was then taken out from the fridge and mixed with the filtrate
gently,and the sample is observed for changes for 2-3 minutes.
6) The methylated spirit was then taken out from the fridge and mixed with the filtrate
gently,and the sample is observed for changes for 2-3 minutes.
Compare and contrast the difference between this two protocol (DNA Extraction by Alkaline
Lysis and Isolation of DNA from Banana)](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F4e64a0c4-c2b2-46da-a840-33e8afe79d1e%2F1af92737-c614-404b-a5a8-2a71a5954c59%2Fbpfwdsg_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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