Lowwater Sailmakers manufactures sails for sailboats. The company has the capacity to produce 25,000 sails per year, but is currently producing and selling 20,000 sails per year. The following information relates to current production. If a special sales order is accepted for 4,500 sails at a price of $120 per unit, and fixed costs remain unchanged, how would operating income be affected? (NOTE: Assume regular sales are not affected by the special order.) Sale price per unit $150 Variable costs per unit: Manufacturing Marketing and administrative $60 $20 Total fixed costs: Manufacturing Marketing and administrative S600,000 $200,000 Increase by $160,000 Increase by $150,000 Increase by $140,000 Increase by $170,000 O Increase by $180,000 O
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
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