Lophotrochozoa (in part)- Polyzoa Trochozoa · Kryptrochozoa Brachiozoa Cycliophora Entoprocta Ectoprocta Brachiopoda Phoronida Nemertea Mollusca Annelida Sipuncula Complex life cycie with asexual Pandora larva and sexual chordold larva Cup-shaped body with tentacular Multicillated cells on lophophore Body enclosed by dorsal and ventral shells Wormlike Eversible proboscis In coelomic cavity Dorsal mantle layer body In secreted tube ring Paired epidermal setae Retractable Introvert Retractable lophophore - Long cllated tentacles on larvae Monociliated cells on lophophore - Lophophore Molecular characters Molecular characters Ancestral trochophore larva

Q: What characteristic of a genomic island suggests that it originated in another species?

A: A genomic island is defined as the portion of the genome which gives the idea with the evidence of…

Q: In a molecular phylogeny what can serve as a synapomorphy?

A: Option (e) Orthologs

Q: What are the similarities and difference between genealogical, morphological, and biological species…

A: Species concept is a term used to define the species. Genealogical species concept includes the…

Q: Two species of toads are reproductively isolated due to the fact that one species mates in early…

A: Speciation is an evolutionary process in which a lineage is split to create separate species. The…

Q: Did Aphids Acquire Their Ability to Make CarotenoidsThrough Horizontal Gene Transfer?

A: Aphids refer to the small insects that belong to the Aphidoidea superfamily. Aphids are…

Q: What are the evidences for primary endosymbiosis?

A: Primary endosymbiosis: It is a process wherein a eukaryote starts to engulf another prokaryote and…

Q: How many homoplasies are in the tree? Give the nucleotide position number(s) and tell what character…

A: Introduction -  Homoplasy occurs when characters are similar, but are not derived from a common…

Q: Which phylogenetic domain includes species with optima of7100ºC? What special techniques are…

A: Within the domain Archaea, is a class known as hyperthermophiles which are heat-loving bacteria. The…

Q: researcher studying two species (species 1 and species 2) sequences a short stretch of eight codons…

A: Genes are the hereditary structures on DNA responsible for encoding a particular function/ trait.…

Q: The Cave Bear and the American Giant Short-faced Bear are both extinct. All the other species are…

A: a) It is a chronogram because this evolutionary phylogenetic tree is proportional to time scale.…

Q: How does a phylogenetic tree indicate the evolutionary relatedness of species?

A: In evolutionary studies, the phylogenetic tree refers to the hypotheses that represent the…

Q: What are some key criteria from the phylogenetic speciesconcept used to determine whether two…

A: Species concepts are used by taxonomists and evolutionary biologists to define a species as they…

Q: If the distance between A and D and their last common ancestor (LCA) is 4 and the distance between B…

A: UPGMA is unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean.

Q: Do these trees tell the same story?

A: A phylogenetic tree is a two-dimensional graphical depiction that demonstrates the evolutionary…

Q: It is possible for two different genes to imply different phylogenetic relationships among a group…

A: The phylogenetic tree helps in identifying the evolutionary relationship between different species…

Q: What is cladistics and why is it significant?

A: Taxonomy is the science of classification of organisms on the basis of their morphology, anatomy,…

Q: How does serial endosymbiosis explain the origin of chloroplasts?

A: Chloroplast is an organelle present in algal and plant cells. This organelle is responsible for…

Q: What does Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis assume about Earth’s primordial atmosphere? Why would this have…

A: Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis -Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis showed that how complex biological molecules…

Q: How are new species thought to originate?

A: Evolution is a continuous process and we are still evolving. Evolution is nothing but adapting to…

Q: What are sacred grooves? What is their role in conservation?

A: The term biodiversity or biological diversity indicates a variety of organisms present in a…

Q: How is it possible for siblings to share the same DNA but have different ancestral results?

A: DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid,  is the genetic material that is present in almost all the living…

Q: Given the phylogenetic tree shown below, which of the following two species (A-F) most recently…

A: Phylogeny is described as a relationship of organisms that have descended from a common ancestor,…

Q: What are the classification categories from broadest to most specific? What is a species? What are…

A: Classification  Classification is a branch of taxonomy where scientists classify organisms into…

Q: Suppose species 1, 2, and 3 are endemic to a group of islands (such as the Galápagos) and are all…

A: In biology, it's imperative to know how distinctive species are related to each other so we will…

Q: select the correct options: A) For organisms that diverged  >74 mya, ignore 3rd base positions…

A: Phylogenetic  In biology, phylogenetic is the study evolutionary history and relationships between…

Q: How do paraphyletic and polyphyletic groups differ frommonophyletic groups?

A: A group of organisms in the phylogeny are taxon. The ancestors are grouped together under taxa and…

Q: How many plant and animal type do exist on the earth?

A: Organisms living together in a community influence each other directly or indirectly under natural…

Q: How many possible different trees (branching pat-terns) can in theory be drawn to display the…

A: Introduction The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of a group of organisms, also known as the last…

Q: Geneticists have determined the amount of DNA, the number of different genes, and the size of the…

A: A gene is the essential physical and useful unit of heredity. Genes are comprised of DNA. A few…

Q: What taxa has the least number of speciation events and how many speciation events are there in…

A: Speciation is the event that helps in the formation of a distinct species. All the species are…

Q: What are the four requirements for chemical evolution, and why is each essential?

A: Chemical evolution can be defined as the changes that occur during the course of development when…

Q: Why is the kingdom Monera no longer considered a validtaxon?

A: Taxonomy is the science of classifying, naming, and describing organisms and it includes all…

Q: Why is the Linnaean taxonomic system useful as a classification system?

A: The taxonomic system of Linnaeus consists of a hierarchy of groups known as taxa (singular, taxon).…

Q: What information obtained from the Lokiarchaeotametagenome associate it with the origin of…

A: Lokiarchaeota belongs to the phylum of Archaea.  This phylum includes members mostly from the deep…

Q: Which of the following are true about outgroups? (multiple answers allowed) A) they help identify…

A: Evolution is any alteration in the heritable characteristics of the population. These…

Q: What is the last universal common ancestor (LUCA), and what does that mean? What is a phylogenetic…

A: The most recent common ancestor of all presently existing organisms on Earth is known as the Last…

Q: How can horizontal gene transfer influence evolution? Would you be able to detect it using…

A:

Q: What is the difference between derived and ancestral and what are the examples?

A: All organisms have been formed from common ancestors. The theory of evolution has proven this time…

Q: Do all the phylogenetic trees below represent the same relationships (same topology)? If not, circle…

A: The phylogeny depicts the evolutionary relationship between taxons present in the phylogeny.

Q: major problem with morphologically based analysi

A: As the name indicates, the morphology-based analysis only considers the visible characteristics of…

Animal Phylogeny

Cladistics is a method of biological classification where organisms are classified based on their ancestors and their relationship with them. It is defined as the concepts and methods for determining the branching patterns of evolution and evolutionary history. Some scientists, however, have preferred the term phylogenetic systematics or phylogenetic taxonomy to emphasize the reliance on a phylogeny for classification. It is the most common and accepted method for classifying organisms.