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Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter3: The Plasma Membrane And Membrane Potential

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2TAHL: Assume that a membrane permeable to Na+ but not to Cl- separates two solutions. The concentration of...

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Concept explainers

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.

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What does a drawing/diagram look like for active transport (pumps) using H+ ions?

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The data below were collected during a passive membrane transport experiment where two solutes (A and B) were evaluated relative to their separate transport proteins. Transport rate (mmol/min) 0.3 Solute A Solute B Transport rate [S] mM [S] mM (mmol/min) 2.0 2.0 0.5 4.0 0.7 4.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 6.0 1.4 8.0 1.3 8.0 1.6 10.0 1.5 10.0 1.7 12.0 1.7 12.0 1.8 14.0 1.9 14.0 1.9 16.0 2.0 16.0 2.0 18.0 2.0 18.0 2.0 4. Identify the Km for Solute B. Your answer must include the number with one decimal (similar to the numbers in the table) followed by a space and then the units 5. Which transport protein is present in the highest concentration? 6. Which ligand has the greatest affinity for its protein?
Calculate ΔGinward. Is energy required for transport to happen? The cell is at 25°C. Membrane potential = -60 mV. What is the ΔGinward for chloride? Use the chart.
Palytoxin is a deadly compound found in certain marine animals. When scientists first isolated palytoxin from sea corals in the 1970s, they did not know how it affected people exposed to it. In time, they began to suspect that the toxin was interfering with the sodium-potassium pump. Researchers have measured the effect of palytoxin on ion transport through the sodium-potassium pump using the patch-clamp technique. This involves using a fine-tipped microelectrode to measure the electric current across pumps in the cell membrane. In this activity, you will examine some of the researchers' results and conclusions. Procedure 1. Read the following observations that researchers made after adding palytoxin to a membrane, and then answer the questions. • Observation 1: The current across a single pump jumped from 0 picoamperes to 1 picoamperes. • Observation 2: When ATP was added to the cytoplasm-facing side of the membrane, the current across a group of pumps increased by a factor of 8…
Review the following diagrams. In the spaces below, describe the different types of transport that are shown (For A, B, C and D).
What is active transport? DESCRIBE the function of Na+/K+ ATPase
For this practice problem, would the answer be c)NaCl? My reasoning behind this is because molecules under 100 Da can use simple diffusion, while nonpolar molecules and larger molecules like benzene can use channels via facilitated diffusion. However, NaCl dissociates into ions and cannot readily use diffusion?
What are three types of energy that can power an active transport pump? Provide an example of each type (eg Na/K pump)
Which of the following is/are associated with passive (facilitated) transport? Aquaporin Sodium-Potassium pump Voltage-gated K+ channel Glucose carrier protein Ligand-gated Na+ channel
The type of transport shown in this figure is best described by which of the following pairs of terms: Low High High Low
Uniporters and ion channels support facilitated transport across cellular membranes. Although both are examples of facilitated transport, the rates of ion movement via an ion channel are roughly 104- to 105-fold faster than the rates of molecule movement via a uniporter. What key mechanistic difference results in this large difference in transport rate? What contribution to free energy (ΔG) determines the direction of transport?
Uniporters and ion channels support facilitated transport across cellular membranes. Although both are examples of facilitated transport, the rates of ion movement via an ion channel are roughly 104 - to 105 -fold faster than the rates of molecule movement via a uniporter. What key mechanisticdifference results in this large difference in transport rate?What contribution to free energy (ΔG) determines the direction of transport?
A red blood cell with an intracellular fluid (ICF) concentration of 280 mmol/L, is placed into an environment were the concentration of the extracellular fluid (ECF) is 305 mmol/L. As a result, water will move across the cell/plasma membrane. a) Name the process by which water moves b) Describe the overall direction of movement of the water. Answer choices: (i) From outside the cell to inside the cell (ii) From inside the cell to outside the cell, or (iii) Equally, into and out of the cell iii Explain your reasoning for your answer to part (c). 1In your answer you must describe the environment on both sides of the membrane, and use 3 of the following 4 terms correctly; hypertonic, hypotonic, lower solute concentration, higher solute concentrationn (2pts -Correct use of biological terminology, and correct spelling is essential. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt v Paragraph BIUA ...