51. all correct options LO 51- Identify the concept and importance of mutations.Select all that apply about mutations:Mutations may or may not be randomBacteria develop antibiotic resistance because of the usage of antibioticsMutations are a change in the DNA sequence of a cell, that is passed down to the following generationMutations are the raw material of evolution

Introduction : Agents that cause mutations are called mutagens. They are accountable for the incidence of mutation and modifications to an individual's chromosomes. They usually come in two categories : 1. Chemical mutagens - They include different types of chemicals that cause mutation. Example EMS (Ethyl methane sulphonate). 2. Physical mutagens - They include all types of irradiations. E.g.; gamma rays, ultraviolet rays etc.Answer : The DNA sequence varies from organism to organism. Changes to the base-pair sequence can happen at any point. We refer to it as a mutation. The translated proteins from this mutated DNA may change as a result of a mutation. These mutations are inherited to the next generation. Usually the mutations are random in nature, but sometimes these can't be random. Most of the mutations occur when the DNA fails to copy accurately. The mutation leads to genetic variations among species. Hence, mutation form the basis of evolution i.e mutation is the raw material for evolution. Due to continuous use of antibiotics, some the bacteria develop certain changes in their cellular structure and morphology. As a result the antibiotics now no longer kill the bacteria. Thus the bacteria acquire antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance usually develop as a mutations in the genes. Hence, all the options are correct.