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List the compounds in order of decreasing covalence and explain why: HI, HCl, HF, HBr

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

9th Edition

ISBN:9781133949640

Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel

Publisher:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel

Chapter8: Bonding And Molecular Structure

Section8.8: Bond And Molecular Polarity

Problem 1RC

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Question

List the compounds in order of decreasing covalence and explain why:

HI, HCl, HF, HBr

Expert Solution

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From the electronegativity difference we can determine the nature of bond , more the electronegativity difference then ionic character will dominate.

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VISUALIZATION Energy Diagram for Conversion of Cis-2-Butene to Trans-2-Butene 600 500 400 Reactant 300 200 E = 435 x 1021 J 100 Initial state AE-7 X 10 J -30° 30 60 90° 120° 150° 180° 210° Reaction progress (angle of twist) Cis-2-butene is one of two forms of butene where the middle two carbon atoms are joined by a double bond. The other form is trans-2-butene. The conversion of the cis form to the trans form is slow at room temperature, and the two forms represent two distinct compounds. Conversion of the cis to the trans form involves rotation about the C-C double bond, which requires a substantial amount of energy on the molecular scale. Move the slider to observe the different conformations and their energies along the pathway of the conversion. Potential Energy 1021 J