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List the components (in order of flow) of the: 1. Nephron 2. Renal blood vessels 3. Juxtaglomerular apparatus 4. Urine from collecting duct to external urethra What findings can you expect in the urine of diabetics, uti, and hypertension?

List the components (in order of flow) of the: 1. Nephron 2. Renal blood vessels 3. Juxtaglomerular apparatus 4. Urine from collecting duct to external urethra What findings can you expect in the urine of diabetics, uti, and hypertension?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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**Kidney Function and Urine Formation** ### Components (in order of flow): 1. **Nephron**: The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney where blood filtration and urine formation begin. 2. **Renal blood vessels**: A network of arteries and veins that supply blood to and from the kidneys, playing a crucial role in the filtration process. 3. **Juxtaglomerular apparatus**: A structure that helps regulate blood pressure and the filtration rate of the glomerulus. 4. **Urine from collecting duct to external urethra**: The pathway by which urine collects in the collecting ducts and is then transported to the bladder and subsequently excreted from the body via the urethra. ### Findings in Urine in Different Conditions: - **Diabetes**: The presence of glucose in the urine (glycosuria) and ketones may be found. - **Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)**: The urine may contain bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), and possibly red blood cells, indicating infection and inflammation. - **Hypertension**: Protein (proteinuria) may be present in the urine due to damage to the blood vessels in the kidneys caused by high blood pressure. Understanding these components and their functions is crucial for comprehending how the kidneys maintain homeostasis, filter blood, and produce urine. Moreover, analyzing urine samples can provide valuable insights into a person's health, particularly in diagnosing conditions like diabetes, UTIs, and hypertension.
Transcribed Image Text:**Kidney Function and Urine Formation** ### Components (in order of flow): 1. **Nephron**: The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney where blood filtration and urine formation begin. 2. **Renal blood vessels**: A network of arteries and veins that supply blood to and from the kidneys, playing a crucial role in the filtration process. 3. **Juxtaglomerular apparatus**: A structure that helps regulate blood pressure and the filtration rate of the glomerulus. 4. **Urine from collecting duct to external urethra**: The pathway by which urine collects in the collecting ducts and is then transported to the bladder and subsequently excreted from the body via the urethra. ### Findings in Urine in Different Conditions: - **Diabetes**: The presence of glucose in the urine (glycosuria) and ketones may be found. - **Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)**: The urine may contain bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), and possibly red blood cells, indicating infection and inflammation. - **Hypertension**: Protein (proteinuria) may be present in the urine due to damage to the blood vessels in the kidneys caused by high blood pressure. Understanding these components and their functions is crucial for comprehending how the kidneys maintain homeostasis, filter blood, and produce urine. Moreover, analyzing urine samples can provide valuable insights into a person's health, particularly in diagnosing conditions like diabetes, UTIs, and hypertension.
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