Describe the functions of the urinary system.Identify the 4 organs of the urinary system. What is a nephron?Describe the gross anatomy of the kidneysTrace the blood flow (listed vessels only) from Abdominal Aorta to Inferior Vena cava.Describe the structure of the Glomerulus (Renal Corpuscle).Trace the flow of filtrate through the nephron. Identify which nephron parts are in the cortex and which are in the medulla of kidney.Describe the anatomy (layers and tissues) and the functions of the ureter, urinary bladder, and the urethra.Describe the following nephron functions and identify the specific nephron structures where these processes occur.Filtration –Reabsorption –Secretion -Identify the specific structure in the nephron and the process that occurs for each listed substance:Process: filtered, not filtered, reabsorbed, secreted.Substances = water, Na+, K+, H+, Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Cl-, Ca2+, urea, ammonia (NH3 or NH4+), glucose, protein, amino acids, platelets, creatinine, RBC, WBC.Glomerulus –Proximal Convoluted tubule –Nephron loop (Ascending and Descending limb) -Distal convoluted tubule -Collecting duct -For each hormone: Identify the molecule or ion, the process (reabsorb or secrete) and the location(s) in the nephron where these hormones exert their actions.AldosteroneADHPTHTrace the flow of urine as it leaves the collecting duct of the nephron until it is released from the body.Describe the functions of the components of the JG complex:Juxtaglomerular (JG) cellsMacula densaDescribe GFR and its relationship to Blood pressure.Describe how GFR (and BP) is regulated by the kidneysRenal AutoregulationMyogenic mechanismTubuloglomerular feedback mechanismHormonal regulationIncrease in BPDecrease in BPSympathetic nervous controlIdentify the parts of the nephron where blood pH is regulated. Describe how blood pH is regulated – what ions are reabsorbed or secreted when pH is low or highTOPIC 10 - REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMSDescribe the functions of the male reproductive organs and structures:ScrotumTestesSeminiferous tubulesInterstitial (Leydig) cellsSustentacular Sertoli) cellsEpididymisVas (Ductus) deferensSeminal vesiclesProstate glandEjaculatory ductBulbourethral (Cowper’s) glandUrethraPenisDescribe the difference between sperm and semenTrace the pathway sperm travels from where it is created until sperm become semenTrace the pathway semen travels from where it is created until it exits the body.Describe the functions of the female reproductive organs and structures:OvaryFollicleOocytesGranulosa cellsFallopian tubeFimbriaeUterusPerimetriumMyometriumEndometriumCervixVaginaVulvaMons pubisLabia majoraLabia minoraClitorisBreastMammary glandsMammary ductsFor each hormone, identify the production site, target site for each sex and describe the general actions of the hormoneProduction siteHormoneMale target siteFemale target siteActions GnRh FSH LH LH surge Testosterone Estrogen Progesterone Compare and Contrast the processes of Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis: SpermatogenesisOogenesisLocation Starting cell and chromosome number When process begins Starting cell at Puberty Gamete and chromosome number Number and type of cells produced Unique aspect Timeline Describe the phase hormone is released and the action of each hormone in the Reproductive (Menstrual) cycle.FSHReproductive phaseSpecific action in cycleLHReproductive phaseSpecific action in cycleLH surgeReproductive phaseSpecific action in cycleEstrogenReproductive phaseSpecific action in cycleProgesteroneReproductive phaseSpecific action in cycleIdentify the ovarian hormone that triggers:LH surge (Positive feedback control)Decrease FSH and LH secretion (Negative feedback control)Compare and contrast the different phases of the Reproductive cycle:REPRODUCTIVECYCLEEVENTDATESOVARIAN PHASESOVARIANFOLLICLES/OOCYTESUTERINEPHASESMENSTRUATION(Menses)1 - 5 PREOVULATION6 - 13 OVULATION 14 POSTOVULATION15 - 28 Define Menopause and describe approximate age of onset and the effects on the body of MenopauseTOPIC 11 - FETAL DEVELOPMENTFor each event or stage below, identify the process that is occurring to lead to next stage, identify location for each stage in female reproductive structures and describe function of specialized structures and what they will develop intoPenetration - eventDescriptionLocationFertilization - eventDescriptionLocationZygote - stageDescriptionLocationProcessMorula - stageDescriptionLocationProcessBlastocyst - stageDescriptionTrophoblastInner cell massLocationProcessImplantation – eventDescriptionStage that implant

The urinary system consists of two bean shaped kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder and one…

Answered: Describe the functions of the urinary…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Describe the functions of the urinary system.
Identify the 4 organs of the urinary system. What is a nephron?
Describe the gross anatomy of the kidneys
Trace the blood flow (listed vessels only) from Abdominal Aorta to Inferior Vena cava.
Describe the structure of the Glomerulus (Renal Corpuscle).
Trace the flow of filtrate through the nephron. Identify which nephron parts are in the cortex and which are in the medulla of kidney.
Describe the anatomy (layers and tissues) and the functions of the ureter, urinary bladder, and the urethra.
Describe the following nephron functions and identify the specific nephron structures where these processes occur.
1. Filtration –
2. Reabsorption –
3. Secretion -
Identify the specific structure in the nephron and the process that occurs for each listed substance:

Process: filtered, not filtered, reabsorbed, secreted.

Substances = water, Na⁺, K⁺, H⁺, Bicarbonate (HCO₃^-), Cl^-, Ca²⁺, urea, ammonia (NH₃ or NH₄⁺), glucose, protein, amino acids, platelets, creatinine, RBC, WBC.

Glomerulus –
Proximal Convoluted tubule –
Nephron loop (Ascending and Descending limb) -
Distal convoluted tubule -
Collecting duct -

For each hormone: Identify the molecule or ion, the process (reabsorb or secrete) and the location(s) in the nephron where these hormones exert their actions.
1. Aldosterone
2. ADH
3. PTH
Trace the flow of urine as it leaves the collecting duct of the nephron until it is released from the body.
Describe the functions of the components of the JG complex:
1. Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells
2. Macula densa
Describe GFR and its relationship to Blood pressure.
Describe how GFR (and BP) is regulated by the kidneys
1. Renal Autoregulation
  1. Myogenic mechanism
  2. Tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism
2. Hormonal regulation
  1. Increase in BP
  2. Decrease in BP
3. Sympathetic nervous control
Identify the parts of the nephron where blood pH is regulated. Describe how blood pH is regulated – what ions are reabsorbed or secreted when pH is low or high

TOPIC 10 - REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS

Describe the functions of the male reproductive organs and structures:
1. Scrotum
2. Testes
  1. Seminiferous tubules
  2. Interstitial (Leydig) cells
  3. Sustentacular Sertoli) cells
3. Epididymis
4. Vas (Ductus) deferens
5. Seminal vesicles
6. Prostate gland
7. Ejaculatory duct
8. Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland
9. Urethra
10. Penis
Describe the difference between sperm and semen
1. Trace the pathway sperm travels from where it is created until sperm become semen
2. Trace the pathway semen travels from where it is created until it exits the body.
Describe the functions of the female reproductive organs and structures:
1. Ovary
2. Follicle
  1. Oocytes
  2. Granulosa cells
3. Fallopian tube
  1. Fimbriae
4. Uterus
  1. Perimetrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Endometrium
5. Cervix
6. Vagina
7. Vulva
  1. Mons pubis
  2. Labia majora
  3. Labia minora
  4. Clitoris
8. Breast
  1. Mammary glands
  2. Mammary ducts

For each hormone, identify the production site, target site for each sex and describe the general actions of the hormone

Production site	Hormone	Male target site	Female target site	Actions
	GnRh
	FSH
	LH
	LH surge
	Testosterone
	Estrogen
	Progesterone

Compare and Contrast the processes of Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis:

	Spermatogenesis	Oogenesis
Location
Starting cell and chromosome number
When process begins
Starting cell at Puberty
Gamete and chromosome number
Number and type of cells produced
Unique aspect
Timeline

Describe the phase hormone is released and the action of each hormone in the Reproductive (Menstrual) cycle.
1. FSH
  1. Reproductive phase
  2. Specific action in cycle
2. LH
  1. Reproductive phase
  2. Specific action in cycle
3. LH surge
  1. Reproductive phase
  2. Specific action in cycle
4. Estrogen
  1. Reproductive phase
  2. Specific action in cycle
5. Progesterone
  1. Reproductive phase
  2. Specific action in cycle
Identify the ovarian hormone that triggers:
1. LH surge (Positive feedback control)
2. Decrease FSH and LH secretion (Negative feedback control)
Compare and contrast the different phases of the Reproductive cycle:

REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE	EVENT DATES	OVARIAN PHASES	OVARIAN FOLLICLES/ OOCYTES	UTERINE PHASES
MENSTRUATION (Menses)	1 - 5
PREOVULATION	6 - 13
OVULATION	14
POSTOVULATION	15 - 28

Define Menopause and describe approximate age of onset and the effects on the body of Menopause

TOPIC 11 - FETAL DEVELOPMENT

For each event or stage below, identify the process that is occurring to lead to next stage, identify location for each stage in female reproductive structures and describe function of specialized structures and what they will develop into
1. Penetration - event
  1. Description
  2. Location
2. Fertilization - event
  1. Description
  2. Location
3. Zygote - stage
  1. Description
  2. Location
  3. Process
4. Morula - stage
  1. Description
  2. Location
  3. Process
5. Blastocyst - stage
  1. Description
    1. Trophoblast
    2. Inner cell mass
  2. Location
  3. Process
6. Implantation – event
  1. Description
  2. Stage that implant