Answered: List examples of how both water-soluble…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Question

List examples of how both water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins function in the body.

Expert Solution

Step 1

In human physiology, the organic compounds required by the body in small amounts called vitamins; can be classified into two types based on their chemical nature: Water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins. The water-soluble vitamins depict solubility in the water, while the fat-soluble vitamins are insoluble in water and soluble in fats.

Step 2

After being absorbed from the food, the water-soluble vitamins move to the blood and are transported freely to their target site. The water-soluble vitamins freely circulate in the intracellular compartments upon reaching the cell and function as part of various enzymes needed for energy metabolism. Vitamin B complex and Vitamin C represent the two types of water-soluble vitamins. For example, Thiamine (vitamin B1) is converted into its active form thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), and it functions as an important enzyme cofactor in pyruvate decarboxylation by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, Vitamin C functions in boosting the body’s immunity.
The fat-soluble vitamins are transported via lymph into the blood and require transport proteins for their movement. The fat-soluble vitamins that can be stored in fat-storage sites function in many physiological processes like bone health, coagulation, vision, and immune function. Vitamin A, E, D, and K are the types of fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamin A functions in vision, Vitamin D maintains bone health, and vitamin K plays a role in coagulation.