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List and briefly explain the 3 factors that affect SV: preload, contractility and afterload

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter9: Cardiac Physiology

Section9.4: Cardiac Output And Its Control

Problem 3CYU

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Explain the following terms: Preload, contractility, afterload
Explain the concept of Vasoconstriction and vasodilatation and the impact that preload and afterload has on them.
There are three major factors that affect stroke volume and therefore affect cardiac output: afterload, preload, and contractility. Select two of these factors and explain how and why each affects cardiac output.
Discuss how changes in EDV and force of contraction with exercise affect stroke volume.
Describe the mechanisms that produce vasodilation in exercising muscles, and list the cardiovascular changes that contribute to increased blood flow to exercising muscles.
Define blood pressure and describe and compare specific types (e.g. arterial, MABP, venous, PP). Include their expected values or ranges. Explain what happens to pressure when blood flows further away from the heart. During the rest period before starting an exercise routine where is most of the blood concentrated? Upon initiating exercise what happens to blood flow and pressure?
Given heart rate of 95 beats per minute, blood pressure of 125/90 mmHg, 0.2 mL O₂/mL systemic blood arterial oxygen content, 0.1 mL O₂/mL pulmonary arterial oxygen content, and 400 mL O₂/min oxygen consumption. Based on the information, calculate the i) stroke volume. and ii) total peripheral resistance. Show your work.
Explain why orthostatic (postural) hypotension may occurwith vasodilator drugs.
List common factors that cause vasodilation and vasoconstriction.
There are three major factors that affect stroke volume and therefore affect cardiac output: afterload, preload, and contractility. Explain how and why each of these factors affects cardiac output. Each answer must explain what the factor is as well as how it affects cardiac output.
As the stroke volume index increases or decreases, the cardiac index also increases or decreases. True or false? Explain?
The end systolic volume from an individual’s heart was found to be 50 ml, the end diastolic volume was found to be 110 ml and the heart rate was 90 bpm. What is this individual’s stroke volume, ejection fraction and cardiac output (C.O)? Group of answer choices SV = 60 ml Ejection Fraction = 50% C.O = 3.4 l/min SV = 110 ml Ejection Fraction = 52% C.O = 4.4 l/min SV = 60 ml Ejection Fraction = 55% C.O = 5.4 l/min SV = 160 ml Ejection Fraction = 70 % C.O = 6.4 l/min