Let x, y, N E N be n-bit integers such that N > 2. . If x < N, the value x" mod N can be computed using the following recursive formula: x" mod N = x ged(x, y) = The number of bit operations when using this method is O(.....). • If x ≥ y, the value gcd(x, y) can be computed using the following recursive formula: , if y = 0 , if y ≥ 1 , if y = 0 , if y = 1 , if y ≥ 2 even , if y ≥ 2 odd The number of bit operations when using this method is O(.....).

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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(b) Modular arithmetic
Let x, y, N € N be n-bit integers such that N > 2.
• If x < N, the value x" mod N can be computed using the following recursive formula:
x" mod N =
1
X
gcd (x, y) =
The number of bit operations when using this method is O(.....).
• If x ≥ y, the value gcd(x, y) can be computed using the following recursive formula:
, if y = 0
, if y ≥ 1
-₁
, if y = 0
, if y = 1
, if y ≥ 2 even
, if y ≥ 2 odd
The number of bit operations when using this method is O(.....).
Transcribed Image Text:(b) Modular arithmetic Let x, y, N € N be n-bit integers such that N > 2. • If x < N, the value x" mod N can be computed using the following recursive formula: x" mod N = 1 X gcd (x, y) = The number of bit operations when using this method is O(.....). • If x ≥ y, the value gcd(x, y) can be computed using the following recursive formula: , if y = 0 , if y ≥ 1 -₁ , if y = 0 , if y = 1 , if y ≥ 2 even , if y ≥ 2 odd The number of bit operations when using this method is O(.....).
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