Let PL* be the logical system whose semantics is exactly like PL's except that every PL* interpretation must have an infinite universe of discourse. The syntax and proof theory of PL* are the same as those of PL. According to the semantics of PL*, the PL* sentence '(∃x)(∃y)(x ≠ y∧(∀z)(z = x ∨ z = y))' is   a. contingent. b. logically true. c. logically false.

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Statements and Logic

Logic is the analysis of general patterns of thoughts without regard to any specific sense of context.