lect all statements regarding ammonia & its toxicity that are CORRECT. In the brain, all cells express glutamine synthetase, an enzyme that helps remove ammonia from the cytosol. Both NH3 & NH4* can readily cross the blood-brain barrier. Ammonia is highly toxic to the brain as it can cause cognitive impairment, epileptic seizures & ataxia (a loss of muscle control). Elevated extracellular [NH4*] can cause astrocytes to swell, resulting in edema of the brain. Elevated [NH4] competes with K* in astrocytes for transport into the cell by the Na K ATPase, which increases extracellular [K*]. Excess extracellular [K*] increases CI entry into neurons via a co-transporter, which alters their response to the neurotransmitter GABA & may result in seizures & neuromuscular incoordination.
lect all statements regarding ammonia & its toxicity that are CORRECT. In the brain, all cells express glutamine synthetase, an enzyme that helps remove ammonia from the cytosol. Both NH3 & NH4* can readily cross the blood-brain barrier. Ammonia is highly toxic to the brain as it can cause cognitive impairment, epileptic seizures & ataxia (a loss of muscle control). Elevated extracellular [NH4*] can cause astrocytes to swell, resulting in edema of the brain. Elevated [NH4] competes with K* in astrocytes for transport into the cell by the Na K ATPase, which increases extracellular [K*]. Excess extracellular [K*] increases CI entry into neurons via a co-transporter, which alters their response to the neurotransmitter GABA & may result in seizures & neuromuscular incoordination.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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![Select all statements regarding ammonia & its toxicity that are CORRECT.
In the brain, all cells express glutamine synthetase, an enzyme that helps remove
ammonia from the cytosol.
Both NH3 & NH4 can readily cross the blood-brain barrier.
Ammonia is highly toxic to the brain as it can cause cognitive impairment,
epileptic seizures & ataxia (a loss of muscle control).
Elevated extracellular [NH4*] can cause astrocytes to swell, resulting in edema
of the brain.
Elevated [NH4+] competes with K* in astrocytes for transport into the cell by the
Na K ATPase, which increases extracellular [K*].
Excess extracellular [K*] increases CI entry into neurons via a co-transporter,
which alters their response to the neurotransmitter GABA & may result in
seizures & neuromuscular incoordination.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ff7f2d3d3-ecca-481b-a338-b91b54a755b8%2F5f28cb35-2865-4ace-a03f-bb696f22f485%2F8s7c829_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:Select all statements regarding ammonia & its toxicity that are CORRECT.
In the brain, all cells express glutamine synthetase, an enzyme that helps remove
ammonia from the cytosol.
Both NH3 & NH4 can readily cross the blood-brain barrier.
Ammonia is highly toxic to the brain as it can cause cognitive impairment,
epileptic seizures & ataxia (a loss of muscle control).
Elevated extracellular [NH4*] can cause astrocytes to swell, resulting in edema
of the brain.
Elevated [NH4+] competes with K* in astrocytes for transport into the cell by the
Na K ATPase, which increases extracellular [K*].
Excess extracellular [K*] increases CI entry into neurons via a co-transporter,
which alters their response to the neurotransmitter GABA & may result in
seizures & neuromuscular incoordination.
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