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Learning Goal: To understand polarization of light and how to use Malus's law to calculate the intensity of a beam of light after passing through one or more polarizing filters. The two transverse waves shown in the figure(Figure 1) both travel in the +z direction. The waves differ in that the top wave oscillates horizontally and the bottom wave oscillates vertically. The direction of oscillation of a wave is called the polarization of the wave. The upper wave is described as polarized in the +x direction whereas the lower wave is polarized in the +y direction. In general, waves can be polarized along any direction. Recall that electromagnetic waves, such as visible light, microwaves, and X rays, consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The polarization of an electromagnetic wave refers to the oscillation direction of the electric field, not the magnetic field. In this problem all figures depicting light waves illustrate only the electric field. A linear polarizing filter, often just called a polarizer, is a device that only transmits light polarized along a specific transmission axis direction. The amount of light that passes through a filter is quantified in terms of its intensity. If the polarization angle of the incident light matches the transmission axis of the polarizer, 100% of the light will pass through, so

Learning Goal: To understand polarization of light and how to use Malus's law to calculate the intensity of a beam of light after passing through one or more polarizing filters. The two transverse waves shown in the figure(Figure 1) both travel in the +z direction. The waves differ in that the top wave oscillates horizontally and the bottom wave oscillates vertically. The direction of oscillation of a wave is called the polarization of the wave. The upper wave is described as polarized in the +x direction whereas the lower wave is polarized in the +y direction. In general, waves can be polarized along any direction. Recall that electromagnetic waves, such as visible light, microwaves, and X rays, consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The polarization of an electromagnetic wave refers to the oscillation direction of the electric field, not the magnetic field. In this problem all figures depicting light waves illustrate only the electric field. A linear polarizing filter, often just called a polarizer, is a device that only transmits light polarized along a specific transmission axis direction. The amount of light that passes through a filter is quantified in terms of its intensity. If the polarization angle of the incident light matches the transmission axis of the polarizer, 100% of the light will pass through, so

College Physics
College Physics
11th Edition
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Chapter1: Units, Trigonometry. And Vectors
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1CQ: Estimate the order of magnitude of the length, in meters, of each of the following; (a) a mouse, (b)...
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Part F Notice that a polarizer modifies the light intensity according to Malus's law and also reorients the polarization angle of the beam to match its own transmission axis. Hence it is possible for light to pass through a pair of crossed polarizers if a third polarizer is inserted between them with an intermediate transmission axis direction. What is the new intensity I₂ of the light emerging from the final polarizer in Part E if a third polarizer (Polarizer A in the figure (Figure 5)), whose transmission axis is offset 45 degrees from each of the others, is inserted between the original two polarizers? Express your answer as a decimal number times the symbol Io. For example, if I2 = (1/4) Io. enter 0.25 * I_0. ▸ View Available Hint(s) 1₂ = fat Pare for and do for Part redo foart F retor Part F keyboard shortcuts for Part F help for Part F
Transcribed Image Text:Part F Notice that a polarizer modifies the light intensity according to Malus's law and also reorients the polarization angle of the beam to match its own transmission axis. Hence it is possible for light to pass through a pair of crossed polarizers if a third polarizer is inserted between them with an intermediate transmission axis direction. What is the new intensity I₂ of the light emerging from the final polarizer in Part E if a third polarizer (Polarizer A in the figure (Figure 5)), whose transmission axis is offset 45 degrees from each of the others, is inserted between the original two polarizers? Express your answer as a decimal number times the symbol Io. For example, if I2 = (1/4) Io. enter 0.25 * I_0. ▸ View Available Hint(s) 1₂ = fat Pare for and do for Part redo foart F retor Part F keyboard shortcuts for Part F help for Part F
Polarization of Light and Malus's Law Learning Goal: To understand polarization of light and how to use Malus's law to calculate the intensity of a beam of light after passing through one or more polarizing filters. The two transverse waves shown in the figure(Figure 1) both travel in the +z direction. The waves differ in that the top wave oscillates horizontally and the bottom wave oscillates vertically. The direction of oscillation of a wave is called the polarization of the wave. The upper wave is described as polarized in the +x direction whereas the lower wave is polarized in the +y direction. In general, waves can be polarized along any direction. Recall that electromagnetic waves, such as visible light, microwaves, and X rays, consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The polarization of an electromagnetic wave refers the oscillation direction of the electric field, not the magnetic field. this problem all figures depicting light waves illustrate only the electric field. A linear polarizing filter, often just called a polarizer, is a device that only transmits light polarized along a specific transmission axis direction. The amount of light that passes through a filter is quantified in terms of its intensity. If the polarization angle of the incident light matches the transmission axis of the polarizer, 100% of the light will pass through, so the transmitted intensity will equal the incident intensity. More generally, the intensity of light emerging from a polarizer is described by Malus's law: I= Io cos² 0, where I, is the intensity of the polarized light beam just before entering the polarizer, I is the intensity of the transmitted light beam immediately after passing through the polarizer, and is the angular difference between the polarization angle of the incident beam and the transmission axis of the polarizer. After passing through the polarizer, the transmitted light is polarized in the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizing filter. Figure Incident natural light Polarizer 1 Polarizer A 45° Polarizer 2 90° 5 of 5
Transcribed Image Text:Polarization of Light and Malus's Law Learning Goal: To understand polarization of light and how to use Malus's law to calculate the intensity of a beam of light after passing through one or more polarizing filters. The two transverse waves shown in the figure(Figure 1) both travel in the +z direction. The waves differ in that the top wave oscillates horizontally and the bottom wave oscillates vertically. The direction of oscillation of a wave is called the polarization of the wave. The upper wave is described as polarized in the +x direction whereas the lower wave is polarized in the +y direction. In general, waves can be polarized along any direction. Recall that electromagnetic waves, such as visible light, microwaves, and X rays, consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The polarization of an electromagnetic wave refers the oscillation direction of the electric field, not the magnetic field. this problem all figures depicting light waves illustrate only the electric field. A linear polarizing filter, often just called a polarizer, is a device that only transmits light polarized along a specific transmission axis direction. The amount of light that passes through a filter is quantified in terms of its intensity. If the polarization angle of the incident light matches the transmission axis of the polarizer, 100% of the light will pass through, so the transmitted intensity will equal the incident intensity. More generally, the intensity of light emerging from a polarizer is described by Malus's law: I= Io cos² 0, where I, is the intensity of the polarized light beam just before entering the polarizer, I is the intensity of the transmitted light beam immediately after passing through the polarizer, and is the angular difference between the polarization angle of the incident beam and the transmission axis of the polarizer. After passing through the polarizer, the transmitted light is polarized in the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizing filter. Figure Incident natural light Polarizer 1 Polarizer A 45° Polarizer 2 90° 5 of 5
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