Item 8 Learning Goal: To understand polarization of light and how to use Malus's law to calculate the intensity of a beam of light after passing through one or more polarizing filters. The two transverse waves shown in the figure(Figure 1) both travel in the +z direction. The waves differ in that the top wave oscillates horizontally and the bottom wave oscillates vertically. The direction of oscillation of a wave is called the polarization of the wave. The upper wave is described as polarized in the *x direction whereas the lower wave is polarized in the +y direction. In general, waves can be polarized along any direction. Recall that electromagnetic waves, such as visible light, microwaves, and X rays, consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The polarization of an electromagnetic wave refers to the oscillation direction of the electric field, not the magnetic field. In this problem all figures depicting light waves illustrate only the electric field. A linear polarizing filter, often just called a polarizer, is a device that only transmits light polarized along a specific transmission axis direction The amount of light that passes through a filter is quantified in terms of its intensity. If the polarization angle of the incident light matches the transmission axis of the polarizer, 100% of the light will pass through, so the transmitted intensity will equal the incident intensity. More generally, the intensity of light emerging from a polarizer is described by Malus's law: I= Io cos² 0. where Io is the intensity of the polarized light beam just before entering the polarizer, I is the intensity of the transmitted light beam immediately after passing through the polarizer, and is the angular difference between the polarization angle of the incident beam and the transmission axis of the polarizer. After passing through the polarizer, the transmitted light is polarized in the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizing filter. Figure # You AN < 1 of 2 > Direction of wave travel In the questions that follow, assume that all angles are measured counterclockwise from the +x axis in the direction of the +y axis. ▾ Part A о в OOTA OOTA-00 OOTA +00 O (OTA-00)/2 A beam of polarized light with intensity Io and polarization angle o strikes a polarizer with transmission axis TA- What angle should be used in Malus's law to calculate the transmitted intensity I₁? Submit This process is illustrated in the figure (Figure 2), where the polarization of the light wave is visually illustrated by a magenta double arrow oriented in the direction of polarization, the transmission axis of the polarizer is represented by a blue double arrow, and the direction of motion of the wave is illustrated by a purple arrow. Part B Request Answer What is the polarization angle 8₁ of the light emerging from the polarizer? о во O OTA OOTA-00 O OTA +00 O (OTA-00)/2 Submit Request Answer < Part C Complete previous part(s) Part D Complete previous part(s) 8 of 15 > Part E Complete previous part(s) Review

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Chapter1: Units, Trigonometry. And Vectors
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Figure
lo
до
Polarizer
0 ТА
1,
0,
<
2 of 2
>
Transcribed Image Text:Figure lo до Polarizer 0 ТА 1, 0, < 2 of 2 >
Item 8
Learning Goal:
To understand polarization of light and how to use Malus's law to
calculate the intensity of a beam of light after passing through one or
more polarizing filters.
The two transverse waves shown in the figure(Figure 1) both travel in
the +z direction. The waves differ in that the top wave oscillates
horizontally and the bottom wave oscillates vertically. The direction of
oscillation of a wave is called the polarization of the wave. The upper
wave is described as polarized in the +x direction whereas the lower
wave is polarized in the +y direction. In general, waves can be polarized
along any direction.
Recall that electromagnetic waves, such as visible light, microwaves,
and X rays, consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The
polarization of an electromagnetic wave refers to the oscillation
direction of the electric field, not the magnetic field. In this problem all
figures depicting light waves illustrate only the electric field.
A linear polarizing filter, often just called a polarizer, is a device that only
transmits light polarized along a specific transmission axis direction.
The amount of light that passes through a filter is quantified in terms of
its intensity. If the polarization angle of the incident light matches the
transmission axis of the polarizer, 100% of the light will pass through,
so the transmitted intensity will equal the incident intensity. More
generally, the intensity of light emerging from a polarizer is described by
Malus's law:
I = Io cos² 0,
where Io is the intensity of the polarized light beam just before entering
the polarizer, I is the intensity of the transmitted light beam immediately
after passing through the polarizer, and is the angular difference
between the polarization angle of the incident beam and the
transmission axis of the polarizer. After passing through the polarizer,
the transmitted light is polarized in the direction of the transmission axis
of the polarizing filter.
Figure
hv
ак
f
Direction of wave
travel
1 of 2
In the questions that follow, assume that all angles are measured counterclockwise from the +x axis in the direction of the +y axis.
Part A
A beam of polarized light with intensity Io and polarization angle strikes a polarizer with transmission axis TA- What angle should be used in Malus's law to calculate the
transmitted intensity I₁?
00
O OTA
OOTA - 00
OTA +00
This process is illustrated in the figure (Figure 2), where the polarization of the light wave is visually illustrated by a magenta double arrow oriented in the direction of polarization,
the transmission axis of the polarizer is represented by a blue double arrow, and the direction of motion of the wave is illustrated by a purple arrow.
(OTA -00)/2
Submit
Part B
Request Answer
What is the polarization angle 0₁ of the light emerging from the polarizer?
00
OTA
OTA - 00
0 0TA +00
O (OTA -00)/2
Submit
Request Answer
Part C Complete previous part(s)
8 of 15
Part D Complete previous part(s)
Review
Part E Complete previous part(s)
Transcribed Image Text:Item 8 Learning Goal: To understand polarization of light and how to use Malus's law to calculate the intensity of a beam of light after passing through one or more polarizing filters. The two transverse waves shown in the figure(Figure 1) both travel in the +z direction. The waves differ in that the top wave oscillates horizontally and the bottom wave oscillates vertically. The direction of oscillation of a wave is called the polarization of the wave. The upper wave is described as polarized in the +x direction whereas the lower wave is polarized in the +y direction. In general, waves can be polarized along any direction. Recall that electromagnetic waves, such as visible light, microwaves, and X rays, consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The polarization of an electromagnetic wave refers to the oscillation direction of the electric field, not the magnetic field. In this problem all figures depicting light waves illustrate only the electric field. A linear polarizing filter, often just called a polarizer, is a device that only transmits light polarized along a specific transmission axis direction. The amount of light that passes through a filter is quantified in terms of its intensity. If the polarization angle of the incident light matches the transmission axis of the polarizer, 100% of the light will pass through, so the transmitted intensity will equal the incident intensity. More generally, the intensity of light emerging from a polarizer is described by Malus's law: I = Io cos² 0, where Io is the intensity of the polarized light beam just before entering the polarizer, I is the intensity of the transmitted light beam immediately after passing through the polarizer, and is the angular difference between the polarization angle of the incident beam and the transmission axis of the polarizer. After passing through the polarizer, the transmitted light is polarized in the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizing filter. Figure hv ак f Direction of wave travel 1 of 2 In the questions that follow, assume that all angles are measured counterclockwise from the +x axis in the direction of the +y axis. Part A A beam of polarized light with intensity Io and polarization angle strikes a polarizer with transmission axis TA- What angle should be used in Malus's law to calculate the transmitted intensity I₁? 00 O OTA OOTA - 00 OTA +00 This process is illustrated in the figure (Figure 2), where the polarization of the light wave is visually illustrated by a magenta double arrow oriented in the direction of polarization, the transmission axis of the polarizer is represented by a blue double arrow, and the direction of motion of the wave is illustrated by a purple arrow. (OTA -00)/2 Submit Part B Request Answer What is the polarization angle 0₁ of the light emerging from the polarizer? 00 OTA OTA - 00 0 0TA +00 O (OTA -00)/2 Submit Request Answer Part C Complete previous part(s) 8 of 15 Part D Complete previous part(s) Review Part E Complete previous part(s)
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