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Label all major absorbance bands in the following  IR spectrum specifying the absorptions associated with the C=O, C-O, and C-H bonds

Label all major absorbance bands in the following  IR spectrum specifying the absorptions associated with the C=O, C-O, and C-H bonds

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
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Label all major absorbance bands in the following  IR spectrum specifying the
absorptions associated with the C=O, C-O, and C-H bonds  

This image displays an infrared (IR) spectroscopy graph, commonly used for identifying functional groups in organic compounds. The graph plots % Transmittance against Wavenumbers (cm⁻¹). **Graph Features:** - **X-Axis (Wavenumbers):** The wavenumber range is from 4000 to 400 cm⁻¹. Wavenumbers are inversely proportional to wavelength and correlate to the energy of molecular vibrations. - **Y-Axis (% Transmittance):** This axis shows the percentage of light transmitted through the sample. Lower transmittance indicates higher absorption at specific wavenumbers, corresponding to particular functional groups. **Important Peaks:** 1. **2972.12 cm⁻¹** and **2878.09 cm⁻¹:** These peaks are often associated with C-H stretching vibrations commonly found in alkanes. 2. **1705.80 cm⁻¹:** This is typically indicative of a carbonyl group (C=O), commonly found in ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. 3. **1663.24 cm⁻¹:** Usually correlates with C=C stretching in alkenes. 4. **1506.79 cm⁻¹** and **1476.55 cm⁻¹:** Possible indicators of C-C stretching in aromatics. 5. **1355.35 cm⁻¹** and **1364.97 cm⁻¹:** Often linked to bending vibrations of methyl groups. 6. **1135.29 cm⁻¹:** Associated with C-O stretches, possibly indicating an ester or ether linkage. 7. **953.44 cm⁻¹:** Could suggest vinyl C-H bending. 8. **832.79 cm⁻¹** and **671.74 cm⁻¹:** These may signify C-H out-of-plane bending, often found in aromatic compounds. This graph offers insights into the molecular structure of the analyzed compound by indicating the presence of various functional groups.
Transcribed Image Text:This image displays an infrared (IR) spectroscopy graph, commonly used for identifying functional groups in organic compounds. The graph plots % Transmittance against Wavenumbers (cm⁻¹). **Graph Features:** - **X-Axis (Wavenumbers):** The wavenumber range is from 4000 to 400 cm⁻¹. Wavenumbers are inversely proportional to wavelength and correlate to the energy of molecular vibrations. - **Y-Axis (% Transmittance):** This axis shows the percentage of light transmitted through the sample. Lower transmittance indicates higher absorption at specific wavenumbers, corresponding to particular functional groups. **Important Peaks:** 1. **2972.12 cm⁻¹** and **2878.09 cm⁻¹:** These peaks are often associated with C-H stretching vibrations commonly found in alkanes. 2. **1705.80 cm⁻¹:** This is typically indicative of a carbonyl group (C=O), commonly found in ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. 3. **1663.24 cm⁻¹:** Usually correlates with C=C stretching in alkenes. 4. **1506.79 cm⁻¹** and **1476.55 cm⁻¹:** Possible indicators of C-C stretching in aromatics. 5. **1355.35 cm⁻¹** and **1364.97 cm⁻¹:** Often linked to bending vibrations of methyl groups. 6. **1135.29 cm⁻¹:** Associated with C-O stretches, possibly indicating an ester or ether linkage. 7. **953.44 cm⁻¹:** Could suggest vinyl C-H bending. 8. **832.79 cm⁻¹** and **671.74 cm⁻¹:** These may signify C-H out-of-plane bending, often found in aromatic compounds. This graph offers insights into the molecular structure of the analyzed compound by indicating the presence of various functional groups.
**Experiment:** Pinacol-Pinacolone (PP) **Title:** Pinacol Rearrangement. 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-butanediol to 3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanone **Ref:** Hill, G. A.; Flosdorf, E. W. *Organic Syntheses Collective Volume 1* (1941; 2nd Ed) p 462. **Purpose:** Synthesize 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone, a Pinacol-Pinacolone Rearrangement Example. **Reaction Scheme:** A diagram shows the structural formula for 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol rearranging into 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone with 6N sulphuric acid and steam distillation. --- **Reagent table:** | Reagent | Mwt | mp °C | bp °C | mmol | equiv | mass | density | volume | |----------------------------|--------|-------|---------------------|------|-------|------|---------|--------| | pinacol (Aldrich) | 118.18 | 40-43 | 171-2 (739 torr) | 50.8 | 1.00 | 6.10 g | - | - | | (98% anhydrous) | | | | | | | | | | 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone | 100.16 | -50 | 106.2 | 50.8 | 1.00 | 5.08 g | 0.80 g/mL | 6.4 mL | | H2SO4 (6 N, 28%) (Fisher) | - | - | - | 90 | 1.76 | - | - | 30 mL | --- **Procedure:** Add one mL of water to the separatory funnel (horseshoe clamped on a small ring stand) and continue with the experiment's detailed procedure.
Transcribed Image Text:**Experiment:** Pinacol-Pinacolone (PP) **Title:** Pinacol Rearrangement. 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-butanediol to 3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanone **Ref:** Hill, G. A.; Flosdorf, E. W. *Organic Syntheses Collective Volume 1* (1941; 2nd Ed) p 462. **Purpose:** Synthesize 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone, a Pinacol-Pinacolone Rearrangement Example. **Reaction Scheme:** A diagram shows the structural formula for 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol rearranging into 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone with 6N sulphuric acid and steam distillation. --- **Reagent table:** | Reagent | Mwt | mp °C | bp °C | mmol | equiv | mass | density | volume | |----------------------------|--------|-------|---------------------|------|-------|------|---------|--------| | pinacol (Aldrich) | 118.18 | 40-43 | 171-2 (739 torr) | 50.8 | 1.00 | 6.10 g | - | - | | (98% anhydrous) | | | | | | | | | | 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone | 100.16 | -50 | 106.2 | 50.8 | 1.00 | 5.08 g | 0.80 g/mL | 6.4 mL | | H2SO4 (6 N, 28%) (Fisher) | - | - | - | 90 | 1.76 | - | - | 30 mL | --- **Procedure:** Add one mL of water to the separatory funnel (horseshoe clamped on a small ring stand) and continue with the experiment's detailed procedure.
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