Help me please la Web browsers typically maintain a cache of recently accessed imageresources. Explain whether this is an example of spatial locality, temporallocality, or both.b Assume a cache is 8-way set-associative, with a total cache size of 210blocks, and the cached address-space contains 224 blocks. What is the totalnumber of storage bits dedicated to tag bits?c The "last-level cache" cache is the cache closest to the RAM, while the L1cache is closest to the CPU. In real systems the last-level-cache almostalways uses multi-word blocks.i) Use RAM latency and bandwidth to explain why multi-word blocksare so important for the last-level cache.ii) In principle each cache level could have any block-size, but in practiseit is almost always a binary-power size number of bytes. Use circuitcritical path to explain why.iii) It is very rare for the L1 cache to have a larger block size than thelast-level-cache. Give one reason why.iv) Assume there are two cache levels, which have hit rates of h1, and h2.What is the AMAT for this system? Define any extra parametersneeded.

In this question there are some questions given related to cache memory. We have to answer all the…

la Web browsers typically maintain a cache of recently accessed image resources. Explain whether this is an example of spatial locality, tempor locality, or both. b Assume a cache is 8-way set-associative, with a total cache size of 210 blocks, and the cached address-space contains 224 blocks. What is the to number of storage bits dedicated to tag bits? The “last-level cache" cache is the cache closest to the RAM, while the

la Web browsers typically maintain a cache of recently accessed image resources. Explain whether this is an example of spatial locality, tempor locality, or both. b Assume a cache is 8-way set-associative, with a total cache size of 210 blocks, and the cached address-space contains 224 blocks. What is the to number of storage bits dedicated to tag bits? The “last-level cache" cache is the cache closest to the RAM, while the

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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2-Caches are important to providing a high-performance memory hierarchy to processors. Below is a list of 32-bit memory address references, given as word addresses. a. For each of these references, identify the binary address, the tag, and the index given a direct-mapped cache with two-word blocks and a total size of 4 blocks. Also list if each reference is a hit or a miss, assuming the cache is initially empty. 42, 180, 46, 185, 189, 3, 181, 43, 6, 189, 65, 190 b. For each of these references, identify the binary address, the tag, and the index given a direct-mapped cache with four-word blocks and a total size of 4 blocks. Also list if each reference is a hit or a miss, assuming the cache is initially empty. c. For each of these references, identify the binary address, the tag, and the index given a two way associative cache with two-word blocks and a total size of 4 blocks. Also list if each reference is a hit or a miss, assuming the cache is initially empty d. For each of these…
5. A computer has an L1 and L2 cache, backed up by DRAM which is backed up by virtual memory. The TLB and L1 caches have hit times of .5 ns. The TLB's backup is the page table in DRAM while L1 cache's backup is an L2 cache. The L2 cache has a hit time of 1.5 ns. DRAM has a hit time of 10 ns. Swap space has a hit time of 2,500,000 ns. The hit rates are: TLB: 98.8%, L1: 91.5%, L2: 97.7%, DRAM: 99.9998% and swap space 100%. What is the effective access time?
For a direct-mapped cache design with a 32-bit address, the following bits of the address are used to access the cache.Tag Index Offset31–10 9–5 4–01. What is the cache block size (in words)?2. How many entries does the cache have?3. What is the ratio between total bits required for such a cache implementation over the data storage bits?Starting from power on, the following byte-addressed cache references are recorded. Address 0 4 16 132 232 160 1024 30 140 3100 180 2180 How many blocks are replaced? What is the hit ratio? List the fi nal state of the cache, with each valid entry represented as a record of <index, tag, data>
cache.xls (or it can be a google sheet that you share with me in a cache.txt with the url in it )= a spreadsheet showing the cycle counts of a cached and non-cached machine. Also, you need to show the cache as the memory accesses progress in your program marking the hits and misses (misses in RED). You should have cells to show how many hits and how many misses your program has, and details on what is the cache replacement policy you implemented. Here is code: void c_cache_for_badge() { int na = 8, nb = -3, nc = 10; // pointers int *npa; npa = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*84); // init integer pointers for(int i = 0; i < 84; i++) { npa[i] = i; } // integer pointers for(int i = 9; i < 70; i= i + 3) { nb += npa[i % 5] + npa[i % 3] + npa[i % 6]; } } void main() { c_cache_for_badge(); }
What memory blocks will be in the cache after the last address has been accessed?
Direct-mapped cache is a special case of set-associative cache where the set size is 1. So fully associative cache is a special case of setassociative cache where the set size is ______.
The heart of the recent hit game SimAquarium is a tight loopthat calculates the average position of 256 algae. You areevaluating its cache performance on a machine with a 1,024-byte direct-mapped data cache with 16-byte blocks (B = 16).You are given the following definitions:1 struct algae_position {2 int x;3 int y;4 };56 struct algae_position grid[16][16];7 int total_x = 0, total_y = 0;8 int i, j;You should also assume the following:sizeof(int) = 4.grid begins at memory address 0.The cache is initially empty.The only memory accesses are to the entries of the arraygrid. Variables i, j, total_x , and total_y are storedin registers.Determine the cache performance for the following code:1 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {2 for (j = 0; j < 16; j++) {3 total_x += grid[i][j].x;4 }5 }67 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {8 for (j = 0; j < 16; j++) {9 total_y += grid[i][j].y;10 }11 }A. What is the total number of reads?B. What is the total number of reads that miss in thecache?C. What is the miss…
Given a computer with a memory system having a40_bit address, a cache consisting of 8192 blocks each is 32 words. For the following cache types: Direct Mapped (DM), Fully_ associative (FA), Two_way set associative (2_way), Four_way set associative (4_way), Eight_way set associative (8_way), calculate the following values as specified. (Use paper and pencil to do needed calculations and write only the final answer in the given blank space). 1) DM: The size of the index field = Blank 1bits 2) 2_way: The size of the index field =Blank 2bits 3) 4_way: The size of the index field =Blank 3bits 4) 8_way: The size of the index field =Blank 4bits 5) The size of the offset field = Blank 5bits 6) DM: The size of the tag field =Blank 6bits 7) 2_way: The size of the tag field =Blank 7bits 8) 4_way: The size of the tag field =Blank 8bits 9) 8_way: The size of the tag field =Blank 9bits 10) FA: The size of the tag field =Blank 10bits
Cache Mapping Technique 1. Suppose a computer usingdirect-mapped cache has 2 bytes of byte=addressable main memory and a cache of32 blocks, where each cache block contains 16 bytes.a) How many blocksof main memory are there?b) What is theformat of a memory address as seen by the cache; that is, what are the sizes ofthe tag, block, and offset fields?c) To which cacheblock will the memory address 0x0DB63 map?2. Suppose a computer using fullyassociative cache has 2 bytes of byte-addressable main memory and a cache of128 blocks, where each cache block contains 64 bytes.a) How many blocksof main memory are there?b) What is theformat of a memory address as seen by the cache; that is, what are the sizes ofthe tag and offset fields?c) To which cacheblock will the memory address 0x01D872 map?3. A 2-way set-associative cacheconsists of four sets. Main memory contains 2K blocks of 8 bytes each and byte addressingis used.a) Show the mainmemory address format that allows us to map addresses from…
Caching data may improve performance by taking use of "spatial locality" and "temporal locality." Caches employ these two occurrences in many ways.
"Spatial locality" and "temporal locality" boost performance with caches. These two events benefit caches.
Consider a word-based, four-way set associative cache with 64 bits. Each line has eight words, and the total number of sets is forty-nine thousand. What is the cache's size? a) 1 megabyte b) 10 megabytes c) 4 megabytes d) 512 kilobytesBefore a network can be called effective and efficient, three requirements must be met. Please write a short description in your own words of the one you've chosen.