States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
![### Chemical Equation: Neutralization Reaction
The image depicts a balanced chemical equation representing a neutralization reaction. Here is the equation transcribed:
\[ \text{KOH}_{(aq)} + \text{HBr}_{(aq)} \rightarrow \text{KBr}_{(aq)} + \text{H}_2\text{O}_{(l)} \]
#### Explanation:
- **KOH (aq)**: Potassium hydroxide in an aqueous solution. It acts as a base.
- **HBr (aq)**: Hydrobromic acid in an aqueous solution. It acts as an acid.
- **KBr (aq)**: Potassium bromide in an aqueous solution. It is the salt formed from the reaction.
- **H₂O (l)**: Water, which is the liquid product formed from the reaction.
This reaction is a classic example of an acid-base neutralization, where the acid (HBr) and the base (KOH) react to form a salt (KBr) and water (H₂O).](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fe6119d99-d423-4375-907f-5db89cfc0f1d%2F9acedaca-b276-4ca4-9fd4-4774a1eb155f%2Figjg5v_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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