john is passing lots of urine and thirsty and recovering from a flu and has no energy to play sports.GP checks his blood glucose which is 15.8 and ketones 2.5 Part 1 identify what type of diabetes is consistent with john's sympyoms and clinical features.Explain your rationale and the investigations and clinical assessments that should be performed to confirm the diagnosis and type of diabetes for him including when how and why these are perfomed. Part2 Describe the pathophysiology of diabetes in relation to the clinical presentation of john's diabetes.Explain the metabolic abnormalities observed in johns case study in contrast to normal carbohydrate fat and protein metabolism.
john is passing lots of urine and thirsty and recovering from a flu and has no energy to play sports.GP checks his blood glucose which is 15.8 and
Part 1
identify what type of diabetes is consistent with john's sympyoms and clinical features.Explain your rationale and the investigations and clinical assessments that should be performed to confirm the diagnosis and type of diabetes for him including when how and why these are perfomed.
Part2
Describe the pathophysiology of diabetes in relation to the clinical presentation of john's diabetes.Explain the metabolic abnormalities observed in johns case study in contrast to normal carbohydrate fat and protein
Hi there! Since you have posted multiple questions, we are answering only the first two sub-parts.
The condition in which a person excretes abnormally excessive amount f urine is known as polyuria. Polyuria often leads to polydipsia, which is characterized by excessive thirst.
It is given that Person J passes lots of urine (polyuria) and is excessively thirsty (polydipsia). He is recovering from flu and has no energy to play sports. Let us consider the given blood glucose level to be 15.8mmol/L and ketone to be 2.5mmol/L.
Person J is likely to suffer from Diabetes insipidus.
Explanation:
Diabetes insipidus is an uncommon disorder that leads to imbalance of the body fluids. This happens due to lack of a hormone called vasopressin or anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) secreted by neurohypophysis of the pituitary. This hormone is essential for maintaining the osmolality and helps the kidneys to reabsorb solute-free water and return it to the circulation, thereby maintaining the tonicity of the body fluids. Thus, when this hormone is absent, the kidneys cannot reabsorb water leading to excessive urine excretion (polyuria) consequently leading to and excessive thirst (polydipsis). Polydipsia occurs as the person becomes dehydrated very soon due to polyuria.
Since Person J suffers from both polyuria and polydipsia, he is suffering from diabetes insipidus. Since he is dehydrated due to excessive excretion of urine, he has no energy to play sports and may feel extremely tired. The blood glucose and ketone levels, which are 15.8mmol/L and ketone to be 2.5mmol/L respectively, are also higher than the normal range. This shows that both blood glucose and ketone levels have become concentrated due to imbalance of the body fluids or polyuria.
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