IX. Insulin, a hormone vital in blood sugar regulation and having a polypeptide chain with disulfide linkages, loses its regulatoryactivity when heated at nearly 100°C for 5-10 minutes. Explain the molecular basis of this observed thermal property of insulinrelative to its native structure and function. Use not more than 10 short sentences for this item

Insulin is a peptide hormone that downregulates blood glucose levels. Hormone insulin contains two…

Answered: IX. Insulin, a hormone vital in blood…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Biochemistry...Represent the reactions when Phosphatidylethanolamine was treated with; (I) Phospholipase C (ii) Phospholipase D
Consider the complete oxidation of one mole of simple TAG containing behenic acid residues (22:0). I. For one mole of the fatty acid residue, determine the following: c. ATP yield obtained from FADH2 coming from the complete β-oxidation of the fatty acid residue d. net ATP yield of ATP in the complete oxidation of the fatty acid residue
2+ The activity of the Ca 2+ -ATPase is regulated reversibly under normal conditions to maintain homeostatic concentrations of Ca²- inside the sarcomere. However, in a rare genetic disorder, irreversible activation of the Ca 2+ -ATPase can occur. Assuming 37 °C, pH = 7.4, and the steadystate concentrations for ATP, ADP Pi, and Ca2+ (out) given in part (a), calculate the minimum [Ca2+] inside a sarcomere that has irreversibly activated Ca 2+ -ATPase (i.e., the Ca2+-ATPase activity is always “on”). Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
IX. Insulin, a hormone vital in blood sugar regulation and having a polypeptide chain with disulfide linkages, loses its regulatory activity when heated at nearly 100°C for 5-10 minutes. Explain the molecular basis of this observed thermal property of insulin relative to its native structure and function. I--
Inhibitor X exerts which of the following effects on the above enzyme (maltase)? (inhibitor X changes maltase activity to a V o of 0.10 mM per minute when [S] = 0.125 mM, and a V o of 0.25 mM per minute when [S] = 0.50 mM)
Insulin resistance, as occurs in type 2 diabetes, may lead to increased ketone production and release into blood. Describe the biochemistry that links insulin resistance and ketone production. Compare the cellular energy (e.g. ATP) required and produced when glycogen is synthesize and hydrolyzed, respectively. Compare and contrast the mechanism of fatty acid synthase with translation. When young rats are placed on a totally fat acid free diet, they grow poorly, develop a scaly dermatitis, lose hair, and soon die these symptoms that can be prevented if plant material is included in the diet. Why?
Only a few amino acid residues are actually involved in catalysis in enzymes, yet enzymes are constructed of at least 100 amino acids, and often many more. Suggest some functions for the noncatalytic amino acids.
Suggest a reason why trans fatty acids have melting points similar to analogous saturated fatty acids.
Compare the role of CTP in phosphoglyceride synthesis with the role of UTP in glycogen synthesis.
Explore the difference etween amylopectin and glycogen. Be sure to highlight what structural modifications in the molecules as it relates to their localization in different organisms (structure-function relationship).
Describe the roles of glycerol 3- phosphate, phosphatidate, and diacylglycerol in triacylglycerol and phospholipid synthesis.
Identify the correct type of metabolic pathway at the four indicated positions

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