It is known that 51% of American college students fail a course during their freshman year. A university journal club randomly samples 9 upperclassmen and asks them if they failed a course during their freshman year, 3 say they have. Suppose a hypothesis test is to be conducted to determine if the proportion of students who failed a course during their freshman year is less than 0.51. Fill in the blanks to correctly state the null and alternative hypotheses in notation.      H0:       HA:

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