Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of the α- and β- glucose anomers upon its dissolution in the solvent water. This process is usually seen in the chemistry of carbohydrates.
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotating the polarized light’s plane in the direction anticlockwise. L isomers are one of the 2 isomers formed by the configurational stereochemistry of the carbohydrates.
Is the ring a pyranose or a furanose ring for D-Ribose
![**Chapter 11 Carbohydrate Recitation Activity**
**Chemical Equation:**
\[ \text{d. (As a Base) } \text{HSO}_4^- + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4^+ + \text{H}^0^- \]
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**D-Ribose**
1. **Is ribose an aldehyde or a ketone?**
*ketone* (written response)
a. **How many C does it have?**
*5* (written response)
b. **How many chiral C does it have?**
*4* (written response)
c. **Draw L-Ribose:**
A drawn structure showing linear form of L-Ribose.
d. **Are the two structures enantiomers or diastereomers?**
*Enantiomers* (written response)
e. **Draw a diastereomer of D-Ribose:**
A drawn structure of a diastereomer.
f. **Draw the ringed structure for D-Ribose:**
A cyclic structure is drawn with the following annotations:
- Three hydroxyl groups (OH) are labeled attached to different carbon atoms.
- The ring is labeled "α".
g. **Label the anomeric carbon:**
The anomeric carbon is marked in the cyclic structure.
h. **Draw both the α and β anomer:**
Instructions to depict both forms of the anomer.
i. **Is the ring a Pyranose or a Furanose ring?**
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**Graphical Representation:**
1. **Chemical Structure Diagram:**
The linear form of D-Ribose is shown with specific focus on the aldehyde/ketone group, hydroxyl groups, and the carbon chain.
2. **Cyclic Structure Diagram:**
A ring form of D-Ribose is illustrated, demonstrating the formation of a ring closure, often including an oxygen bridge and numbered carbon atoms.
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This activity engages learners with the structural and stereochemical aspects of D-Ribose, an important sugar in biological systems. The handwritten answers and diagrams serve as a guide to understanding its configuration and structural variations.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fc0da3887-c4ea-4b9e-9efc-f9c8b5a90f3a%2Fc00e1d9d-0da3-4ab9-a75e-035e0d7a1693%2F7ovuc3q.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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