Answered: Is it necessary for a laser material to…

Is it necessary for a laser material to have at least three energy levels? If this is the case, please explain why or why not.

University Physics Volume 3

17th Edition

ISBN:9781938168185

Author:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny

Publisher:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny

Chapter9: Condensed Matter Physics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 49P: A diatomic F2 molecule is in the l = 1 state, (a) What is the energy of the molecule? (b) How much...

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Ising model of Ferromagnets

The Ising model is one of the easiest and most famous theoretical models for ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics. When a group of atomic spins aligns such that their magnetic moments are pointed in the same direction and produce a strong permanent magnetic moment in macroscopic size, the phenomenon is called ferromagnetism. The relative permeability of these magnets is greater than unity and increasing magnetization with the applied external field. Even in the absence of an external magnetic field, these substances retain spontaneous magnetization. An example of ferromagnets is iron.

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