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Iodine and iodine Copper and sulfur Hydrogen and fluorine Carbon and oxygen

Iodine and iodine Copper and sulfur Hydrogen and fluorine Carbon and oxygen

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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### Electronegativity and Bond Types in Chemistry Understanding the concept of electronegativity is crucial in predicting the type of bond that will form between atoms. Electronegativity measures the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. Here, we will explore the key ideas of electronegativity and the resulting bond types through various examples. #### Electronegativity Table The periodic table provided displays values of electronegativity for each element. It uses a color-coded scheme to help visualize trends across periods and groups. Here are some key details: - **High Electronegativity (Red and Orange):** Found on the upper right of the periodic table (e.g., Fluorine with the highest electronegativity of 4.0). - **Low Electronegativity (Blue):** Found on the lower left of the periodic table (e.g., Cesium with an electronegativity of 0.8). #### Bond Types and Electronegativity Differences ##### Bond Type Classification Electronegativity differences between atoms dictate the type of bond formed: - **Ionic Bonds:** Formed when the difference in electronegativity is greater than 1.7. - **Polar Covalent Bonds:** Formed when the difference in electronegativity is between 0.4 and 1.7. - **Non-Polar Covalent Bonds:** Formed when the difference in electronegativity is less than 0.4. The following diagram explains the relationship between the difference in electronegativity and bonding type: ``` Difference in Electronegativity Illustration: 4.0 Ionic Polar-covalent Non-polar covalent Bond bond bond |-------------------------------------|--------------------------------|---------------| 100% 50% 5% 0% ``` #### Examples of Bond Types Below are specific examples illustrating the bond types between different elements based on their electronegativity: | Bonding Between | More Electronegative Element (Value) | Less Electronegative Element (Value) | Difference in Electronegativity | Bond Type | |------------------------------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|-------------------------------|--------------------| | Sulfur and Hydrogen | S = 2.5 | H = 2.1 | 0.4 | Non-Polar Covalent | | Sulfur and Cesium
Transcribed Image Text:### Electronegativity and Bond Types in Chemistry Understanding the concept of electronegativity is crucial in predicting the type of bond that will form between atoms. Electronegativity measures the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. Here, we will explore the key ideas of electronegativity and the resulting bond types through various examples. #### Electronegativity Table The periodic table provided displays values of electronegativity for each element. It uses a color-coded scheme to help visualize trends across periods and groups. Here are some key details: - **High Electronegativity (Red and Orange):** Found on the upper right of the periodic table (e.g., Fluorine with the highest electronegativity of 4.0). - **Low Electronegativity (Blue):** Found on the lower left of the periodic table (e.g., Cesium with an electronegativity of 0.8). #### Bond Types and Electronegativity Differences ##### Bond Type Classification Electronegativity differences between atoms dictate the type of bond formed: - **Ionic Bonds:** Formed when the difference in electronegativity is greater than 1.7. - **Polar Covalent Bonds:** Formed when the difference in electronegativity is between 0.4 and 1.7. - **Non-Polar Covalent Bonds:** Formed when the difference in electronegativity is less than 0.4. The following diagram explains the relationship between the difference in electronegativity and bonding type: ``` Difference in Electronegativity Illustration: 4.0 Ionic Polar-covalent Non-polar covalent Bond bond bond |-------------------------------------|--------------------------------|---------------| 100% 50% 5% 0% ``` #### Examples of Bond Types Below are specific examples illustrating the bond types between different elements based on their electronegativity: | Bonding Between | More Electronegative Element (Value) | Less Electronegative Element (Value) | Difference in Electronegativity | Bond Type | |------------------------------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|-------------------------------|--------------------| | Sulfur and Hydrogen | S = 2.5 | H = 2.1 | 0.4 | Non-Polar Covalent | | Sulfur and Cesium
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