Interpreting some values from a journal articleFind Figure 2(d). Give approximate values for the mean and standard error of the mean for each of the two groups. State whether “mean” here refers to the sample mean or to the true mean. Give an interpretation of the standard error of the mean for the long nap group, in the context of the problem at hand. (This is still referring to the variable illustrated in Figure 2(d). w The effects of napping on night X←|||onlinelibrary-wiley-com.subzero.lib.uoguelph.ca/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jsr.13578The effects of napping on night-time sleep in healthy young adultsMOGRASS ET AL.FIGURE 2 Comparisons of nocturnalsleep fragmentation indices and night-time actigraphic sleep variables betweenshort naps (≤60 min) and long naps(>60 min). Independent t tests showed nosignificant differences in the night-timeactigraphy fragmentation index, novelfragmentation index (KRA), total sleeptime (h), sleep onset latency (min), sleepefficiency, wake after sleep onset (min),and number of awakenings betweenshort and long naps (Cohen's d = 0.28;0.27; 0.04; 0.26; 0.31; 0.02; and 0.16,respectively). (a) actigraphy fragmentationindex; (b) novel fragmentation index; (c)total sleep time; (d) sleep onset latency;(e) sleep efficiency; (f) wake after sleeponset; (g) number of awakenings. N = 115evenings (short naps, n = 58; long naps,n = 57). Values are mean ± SEM5 / 10(a)Actigraphy Fragmentation IndexOTotal Sleep Time (Hours)30-20-Number of Awakenings10-(e) 10080-60-40-20-0(g) 50140-30-20-10-F110%P = 0.14P = 0.83p = 0.10P = 0.39+-1111Novel Fragmentation Index (Rest KRA)0.08-Sleep Onset Latency (Minutes)0.06-0.04-0.02-0.00(d) 50-(f)40-30-20-10-6040-20-0Journal ofSleepResearchFFP = 0.15ESRSP = 0.17willP = 0.90Short NapsLong Naps-15 of 10-113652869, 2022, 5, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jsr. 13578 by University Of Guelph, Wiley Online Library on [02/04/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions)ESUpdate: w The effects of napping on night X←|||onlinelibrary-wiley-com.subzero.lib.uoguelph.ca/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jsr.13578The effects of napping on night-time sleep in healthy young adultsevenings (short naps, n = 58; long naps,n = 57). Values are mean ± SEM5 / 10Total Sleep Time ((e) ¹00Sleep Efficiency (%)80-Number of Awakenings60-40-20-0(g) 5040-30-20-10-110% + |p = 0.103.2.2 | The associations of napping behaviours anddaytime activity with actigraphy sleep quality variablesWe found no significant differences in actigraphic sleep qual-ity variables by nap frequency (p > 0.05; Table S2), nap duration(p > 0.05; Figure 2a,c-g) and daytime activity levels (p > 0.05;Table 2). However, independent t tests showed that night-time sleepfollowing late naps versus early naps had a higher actigraphic Fl(mean [SD] 28.26 [10.69] versus 23.52 [10.83], p = 0.02, d = 0.44;Figure 3a), TST (mean [SD] 7.20 [1.44] versus 6.52 [1.67] h, p=0.02,d = 0.44), SOL (mean [SD] 40.76 [45.34] versus 24.56 [26.61] min,p=0.02, d = 0.44), WASO (mean [SD] 51.59 [30.54] versus39.01 [22.92] min, p < 0.02, d = 0.43), and number of awakeningsP = 0.391Sleep Onset Latency(f)30-20-10-6040-20-0FP = 0.90-1(mean [SD] 43.82 [14.44] versus 34.82 [13.58], p < 0.01, d = 0.46;Figure 3c,d,f,g). In contrast, SE showed no significant difference be-tween early and late naps (p = 0.053; Figure 3e).3.3 | Correlations between night-time FI andactigraphy sleep quality variablesTable 3 shows Pearson correlations between the KRA and night-timesleep quality parameters. The KRA showed significant, positive cor-relations with actigraphic Fl (r= 0.43, p < 0.001), WASO (r = 0.36,p < 0.01), and number of awakenings (rshowed negative correlations with TST (r= -0.32, p = 0.01) and SE= 0.53, p < 0.001); butDf Guelph, Wiley Online Library on [02/04/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons LicenseESUpdate:

Short naps, n1 = 58 Long naps, n2 = 57 Number of awakenings, N = 115 Cohen's d ratio for sleep onset…

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MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

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Interpreting some values from a journal article

Find Figure 2(d). Give approximate values for the mean and standard error of the mean for each of the two groups. State whether “mean” here refers to the sample mean or to the true mean. Give an interpretation of the standard error of the mean for the long nap group, in the context of the problem at hand. (This is still referring to the variable illustrated in Figure 2(d).

w The effects of napping on night X
←
|||
onlinelibrary-wiley-com.subzero.lib.uoguelph.ca/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jsr.13578
The effects of napping on night-time sleep in healthy young adults
MOGRASS ET AL.
FIGURE 2 Comparisons of nocturnal
sleep fragmentation indices and night-
time actigraphic sleep variables between
short naps (≤60 min) and long naps
(>60 min). Independent t tests showed no
significant differences in the night-time
actigraphy fragmentation index, novel
fragmentation index (KRA), total sleep
time (h), sleep onset latency (min), sleep
efficiency, wake after sleep onset (min),
and number of awakenings between
short and long naps (Cohen's d = 0.28;
0.27; 0.04; 0.26; 0.31; 0.02; and 0.16,
respectively). (a) actigraphy fragmentation
index; (b) novel fragmentation index; (c)
total sleep time; (d) sleep onset latency;
(e) sleep efficiency; (f) wake after sleep
onset; (g) number of awakenings. N = 115
evenings (short naps, n = 58; long naps,
n = 57). Values are mean ± SEM
5 / 10
(a)
Actigraphy Fragmentation Index
O
Total Sleep Time (Hours)
30-
20-
Number of Awakenings
10-
(e) 100
80-
60-
40-
20-
0
(g) 501
40-
30-
20-
10-
F
110%
P = 0.14
P = 0.83
p = 0.10
P = 0.39
+
-1
1
1
1
Novel Fragmentation Index (Rest KRA)
0.08-
Sleep Onset Latency (Minutes)
0.06-
0.04-
0.02-
0.00
(d) 50-
(f)
40-
30-
20-
10-
60
40-
20-
0
Journal of
Sleep
Research
F
F
P = 0.15
ESRS
P = 0.17
will
P = 0.90
Short Naps
Long Naps
-1
5 of 10
-1
13652869, 2022, 5, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jsr. 13578 by University Of Guelph, Wiley Online Library on [02/04/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions)
E
S
Update:

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

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