International Printer Machines (IPM) builds three computer printer models: Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. Information for these three products is as follows: Alpha Beta Gamma Total Selling price per unit $250 $400 $1 500 Variable cost per unit $80 $200 $800 Expected unit sales (annual) 12,000 6,000 2,000 20,000 Sales mix 50 percent 40 percent 10 percent 100 percent Total annual fixed costs are $5,000,000. Assume the sales mix remains the same at all levels of sales.
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
Question is in the image
Required:
a) Calculate the weighted average unit contribution margin, assuming a constant sales mix.
b) How many units of each printer must be sold to break even?
c) i) Explain what is margin of safety
ii) Calculate in sales units the margin of safety for IPM, assuming projected sales are 25,000 units?
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