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- Consider the case of global environmental problems that spill across international borders as a prisoner’s dilemma of the sort studied in Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly. Say that there are two countries, A and B. Each country can choose whether to protect the environment, at a cost of 10, or not to protect it, at a cost of zero. If one country decides to protect the environment, there is a benefit of 16, but the benefit is divided equally between the two countries. If both countries decide to protect the environment, there is a benefit of 32, which is divided equally between the two countries. a. In Table, fill in the costs, benefits, and total payoffs to the countries of the following decisions. Explain why, without some international agreement, they are likely to end up with neither country acting to protect the environment.Suppose that Lionel Messi is negotiating a contract with FC Barcelona. Messi has an offer from Real Madrid for $20 million a year. If he signs with FC Barcelona, they will earn $90 million in revenue from the signing. FC Barcelona's next best option is to sign Cristiano Ronaldo. They would earn $70 million from signing Ronaldo and would pay him a contract of $10 million. Messi's bargaining power is w = 1/2. a) What is the negotiated salary between Messi and FC Barcelona under Nash Bargaining? What is Messi's surplus and what is FC Barcelona's surplus? b) Due to an injury, FC Barcelona would only earn $50 million from signing Ronaldo but everything else remains the same. What is the negotiated salary between Messi and FC Barcelona under Nash Bargaining? What is Messi's surplus and what is FC Barcelona's surplus?One game-theoretic explanation for why the United States never saw a widespread, coordinated lockdown to stop the spread of COVID-19 is that each state benefited from remaining open when its neighbors closed. Thus, the Nash equilibrium was for some states to remain open while others closed down. What kind of game best describes this situation? Anti-coordination game All of these categories could describe the situation. Repeated game Prisoners' Dilemma Coordination game
- The pricing strategies of MTN and Vodacom are shown in the table below. They must decide whether to charge a high or low price for their internet service. The four pairs of payoff values represent what each company expects to earn or lose in millions of rands, depending on the pricing strategy chosen by the other company. Vodacom's Price Strategy MTN's Price Strategy High Price Low Price High Price Vodacom +R200 200 Vodacom-R100 MTN +R500. Low Price a) Vodacom will charge a low price; MTN will charge a high price. b) Vodacom will charge a high price; MTN will charge a low price.. c) Both Vodacom and MTN will charge a low price. d) Both Vodacom and MTN will charge a high price. Vodacom +R500 MTN-R100 Vodacom+R100 MTN+R100 If it's expected that the incomes of people living in rural South Africa is expected to increase, what will the equilibrium outcome be, ceteris paribus?To achieve Pareto optimum in a Prisoner's Dilemma, we assume that the players confess pick the best individual payoff I choose to use one of my three skips on this question. work togetherList five types of infinitely repeated games
- Can you give us another Cinderella company successfully breaking into Oligopoly Jungle in the past and in the near future? Do you think the industry and exchange market of crypto currency (Bitcoin, Ethereum etc.) will be Oligopoly or Monopolistic competition in coming decade?Which of the following is true of a prisoneros dilemma game? It does not have an equilibrium. It has a dominant-strategy equilibrium. It does not have a Nash equilibrium. It ensures better payoffs to the players compared to other games.Macmillan Leaming Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly and Game Theory End of Chapter Problems Low-fare carriers such as Spirit, Allegiant, and Frontier have been successful at gaining market share by offering low base fares but then charging for everything from seat assignments to snacks to carry-on bags. What action would you recommend to the major airlines (Delta, United, and American) to avoid a prisoners' dilemma outcome? The major airlines should: Merge together to form a single competing airline, which would create cost savings and economies of scale. Decrease the prices of all their tickets so as to compete with the low-fare carriers. Break up their companies into more numerous firms, which would provide greater competition to the low-fare carriers. Create a new class of tickets that will be priced lower and offer fewer amenities, which would compete directly with the low-fare carriers.
- Managers now note that explicit agreements to collude are illegal. Each company must decide on its own whether to produce the amount of Cournot or that of the cartel.Problem 4: Consider an infinitely repeated game, where the base game is the following 2-person 2x2 game: A A 0,0 10, 10 S1: choose A always S2: choose B always B 10, 10 0,0 Assume both players discount the future at the same rate of r, 0 < r < 1. Limiting each player's strategies to the following six possibilities, S3: Choose A then mimic the other player's previous choice S4: Choose B, then mimic the other player's previous choice S5: Choose A, then choose the opposite of the other player's previous choice S6: Choose B, then choose the opposite of the other player's previous choice a. present the strategic form of this game, b. identify all pure-strategy Nash equilibria c. does repetition with these strategies "solve" the coordination dilemma that confronts the players in the single play of the above game.Identify and explain the prisoner's dilemma and how it applies to real-world situations.