In which order do cardiovascular system components form during fetal life? A. blood vessels, blood, heart B. blood vessels, heart, blood C. blood, blood vessels, heart
In which order do cardiovascular system components form during fetal life?
Cardiovascular system
Cardiovascular system is responsible for the transport of gases, nutrients and hormones throughout the body and also removal of waste and harmful substances produced by the tissue and organs during metabolic activities.
It consist of three interrelated components :- blood, the heart and blood vessels.
Blood
Blood is a connective tissue composed of blood plasma (a liquid extracellular matrix) and formed elements (which are cell and cell fragments). Blood is slightly alkaline pH ranging from 7.3-7.4 . blood performs various functions like it is responsible for the transportation of gases, nutrients, hormones, heat and wastes. It helps in the regulation of pH, body temperature and water content of cells.
Blood vessels
There are three types of blood vessels:-
- Arteries :- Arteries is made up of three layers namely tunica adventitia, tunica media and tunica intima. Tunica media is the thickest layer of the arteries. Arteries have narrow lumen. Arteries do not have valves. It is composed of muscle fiber, elastic fibers, and less amount of fibrous tissues. Arteries contain a large number of smooth muscles to regulate the pressure during blood flow. It is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body (except pulmonary artery). Pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood. It carries blood from tissue and organs to the lungs to remove the waste products.
- Capillaries :- Capillaries are the smallest vessels. They permit the exchange of substance between the blood and body tissue.
- Veins :- Veins are made up of three layers namely tunica adventitia, tunica media and tunica intima as same as arteries. Tunica adventitia is the thickest layer of the veins. Veins have wider lumen. Veins have valves. It is composed of a large number of fibrous tissues and less elastic fibers and muscle fibers. It is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from tissue and organs to the heart (except pulmonary veins). Pulmonary veins are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood. It carries blood from the lungs to the heart. This blood will be transported throughout the body via the arteries.
Heart
Heart is a mesodermal origin. It is located in the thoracic (chest) cavity(under the rib cage), in between the two lungs (slightly tilted to the left lung), behind the sternum and above the diaphragm. Heart is protected by a double walled pericardium membrane filled with pericardium fluid which protects the heart and reduces friction between the layers.
Size of heart :- It is the size of a clenched fist(curl fingers of hand tightly). At early age heart size is the same as the clenched fist size but at adults it is slightly larger than the clenched fist. Weight is 250-300 gram.
Shaped :- It is shaped like an inverted cone or upper side down pear shaped.
Function of heart
- It pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the other body part. And it also receives deoxygenated blood from tissue and cell and pumps into the heart
- It is also responsible for the maintenance of blood pressure.
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