Please help me with this physics problem In their now famous experiment, Albert Michelson and Edward Morley experimentally tested whether the speed with which the earthmoves around the sun has to be added to the speed of a light beam. This was done by means of comparing the travel times (orequivalent: comparing the difference in apparent travel distance, determined from a shift in observed interference fringes) of lightsent into the direction of motion to that sent perpendicular to it. In the experiment the round-trip travel time along one arm of theirinterferometer, with a length of L=16.0 m, was found to be consistent with a single oscillation period of the used light of p=2e-15 swhen the apparatus was rotated by 90 degrees. Using the appropriate approximate expression (after Taylor expansion) for the traveldistance from Lecture 3, converted into a time difference using At=1, what velocity through the ether would be deduced from ashift by one interference fringe? |mES

Step 1: time difference ∆ t = L/c = 16/3X10^8∆ t = 5.33X10^(-8) Step 2: period of oscillation of…

Answered: In their now famous experiment, Albert…

University Physics Volume 3

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Chapter5: Relativity

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 87AP: Two astronomical events are observed to occur at a time of 0.30 s apart and a distance separation of...

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Suppose the primed and laboratory observers want to measure the length of a rod that rests on the ground horizontally in the space between the helicopter and the tower (Fig. 39.8B). To derive the length transformation L = L (Eq. 39.5), we had to assume that the positions of the two ends were determined simultaneously. What happens to the length transformation equation if both observers measure the end below the helicopter at one time t1 and the other end at a later time t2?
An Earth satellite used in the Global Positioning System moves in a circular orbit with period 11 h 58 min. (a) Determine the radius of its orbit. (b) Determine its speed. (c) The satellite contains an oscillator producing the principal nonmilitary GPS signal. Its frequency is 1 575.42 MHz in the reference frame of the satellite. When it is received on the Earths surface, what is the fractional change in this frequency due to time dilation, as described by special relativity? (d) The gravitational blueshift of the frequency according to general relativity is a separate effect. The magnitude of that fractional change is given by ff=Ugmc2 where Ug/m is the change in gravitational potential energy per unit mass between the two points at which the signal is observed. Calculate this fractional change in frequency. (e) What is the overall fractional change in frequency? Superposed on both of these relativistic effects is a Doppler shift that is generally much larger. It can be a redshift or a blueshift, depending on the motion of a particular satellite relative to a GPS receiver (Fig. P1.39).
A highway patrol officer uses a device that measures the speed of vehicles by bouncing radar off them and measuring the Doppler shift. The outgoing radar has a frequency of 100 GHz and the returning echo has a frequency 15.0 kHz higher. What is the velocity of the vehicle? Note that there are two Doppler shifts in echoes. Be certain not to round off until the end of the problem, because the effect is small.
Suppose an astronaut is moving relative to the Earth at a significant fraction of the speed of light. (a) Does he observe the rate of his clocks to have slowed? (b) What change in the rate of Earth-bound clocks does he see? (c) Does his ship seem to him to shorten? (d) What about the distance between stars that lie on lines parallel to his motion? (e) Do he and an Earth-bound observer agree on his velocity relative to the Earth?
A spacecraft zooms past the Earth with a constant velocity. An observer on the Earth measures that an undamaged clock on the spacecraft is ticking at one-third the rate of an identical clock on the Earth. What does an observer on the spacecraft measure about the Earth-based clocks ticking rate? (a) It runs more than three times faster than his own clock. (b) It runs three times faster than his own. (c) It runs at the same rate as his own. (d) It runs at one-third the rate of his own. (e) It runs at less than one-third the rate of his own.
The light from a heated atomic gas is shifted in frequency because of the random thermal motion of light-emitting atoms toward or away from an observer. Estimate the fractional Doppler shift (f/f0), assuming that light of frequency f0 is emitted in the rest frame of each atom, that the light-emitting atoms are iron atoms in a star at temperature 6000 K, and that the atoms are moving relative to an observer with the mean speed =8kBTm Must we use the relativistic Doppler shift formulas f=f01/c1/c for this calculation? Such thermal Doppler shifts are measurable and are used to determine stellar surface temperatures.
Explain why, when defining the length of a rod, it is necessary to specify that the positions of the ends of the rod are to be measured simultaneously.
All galaxies farther away than about exhibit a red shift in their emitted light that is proportional to distance, with those farther and farther away having progressively greater red shifts. What does this imply, assuming that the only source of red shift is relative motion?
If a galaxy moving away from the Earth has a speed of 1000 km/s and emits 656 nm light characteristic of hydrogen (the most common element in the universe). (a) What wavelength would we observe on Earth? (b) What type of electromagnetic radiation is this? (c) Why is the speed of Earth in its orbit negligible here?
(a) How far does the muon in Example 28.1 travel according to the Earth-bound observer? (b) How far does it travel as viewed by an observer moving with it? Base your calculation on its velocity relative to the Earth and the time it lives (proper time). (c) Verity that these two distances are related through length contraction =3.20.
It is said that Einstein, in his teenage years, asked the question, What would I see in a mirror if I carried it in my hands and ran at the speed of light? How would you answer this question?
Show that (x,t)=Asin(kxt) and (x,t)=Acos(kxt) do not obey Schrödinger's time-dependent equation.

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