In the United States, electricity is sold using the SI units of kilowatt (kW) or megawatt (MW), and fuel for powergeneration stations is generally purchased using English units, e.g., British thermal unit (Btu), gallon (gal), and ton. An industrial power plant has an average annual load of 100 MW (electrical). If the overall thermal efficiency is 33% (based on HHV), what is the annual cost of fuel if the plant is fired with (a) natural gas, (b) No. 2 fuel oil, and (c) bituminous coal? Use the data from Tables 2.2, 2.7, and 2.13. Assume the cost of natural gas is $5/million Btu, the cost of No. 2 fuel oil is $3/gal, and the cost of bituminous coal is $60/ton (1 ton = 2000 lbm) TABLE 2.7Typical Properties of Fuel OilsFuel Grade No.PropertyColorSpecific gravity at 16°CKinematic viscosity at 38°C (m²/s)Pour point (°C)Flash point (°C)Autoignition temp. (°C)Carbon (wt%)Carbon residue (wt%)Hydrogen (wt %)Oxygen (wt%)Ash (wt%)HHV (MJ/kg)Fuel TypeProximate analysis, wt%Volatile matterFixed carbonUltimate analysis, wt%HydrogenCarbonSulfurNitrogenOxygenHHV(Btu/lb)(MJ/kg)8119Wood6500.10.1441KeroseneClear0.825870020.21.6 x 10-6<-173823086.5Trace13.20.0146.265356550.42Peat Lignite0.638DistillateAmber0.8652.6 x 10-6<-183826086.4Trace12.70.04950022.1<0.0145.4TABLE 2.13Representative Proximate Analysis, Ultimate Analysis, and Heating Valueof Solid Fuels (Dry, Ash-free)55455111568410,70024.9VeryLightResidualBlack0.92815 x 10-6-235526386.12.511.90.270.0243.840605822378135LightResidualBituminousCoal14,00032.5Black0.95350 x 10-6-155-85.55.011.70.30.0343.2ResidualBlack0.986360 x 10-61966640885.712.010.50.38-0.640.0442.4Refuse-DerivedFuel85157520.30.740970022.5TABLE 2.2Typical Heating Value of Some Gaseous FuelsFuelHHVHydrogen (H₂)Carbon monoxide (CO)Methane (CH₂)Ethane (C₂H₂)Propane (C₂H₂)Butane (C₂H₁0)Ethylene (C₂H₂)Acetylene (C₂H₂)Propylene (C₂H₂)Natural gas (typical)Coal producer gas (typical)Wood producer gas (typical)At 1 atm, 25°C(MJ/m³) MJ/kg (MJ/m³) MJ/kg142.211.711.636.463.890.811757.753.284.238.35.24.810.155.551.950.449.550.349.948.953.55.35.1LHV9.9 121.211.610.132.850.058.447.883.646.445.847.248.245.848.34.44.210854.151.478.834.64.34.0

Answered: In the United States, electricity is…

Elements Of Electromagnetics

7th Edition

ISBN:9780190698614

Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

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In the United States, electricity is sold using the SI units of kilowatt (kW) or megawatt (MW), and fuel for power

generation stations is generally purchased using English units, e.g., British thermal unit (Btu), gallon (gal), and ton. An industrial power plant has an average annual load of 100 MW (electrical). If the overall thermal efficiency is 33% (based on HHV), what is the annual cost of fuel if the plant is fired with (a) natural gas, (b) No. 2 fuel oil, and (c) bituminous coal? Use the data from Tables 2.2, 2.7, and 2.13. Assume the cost of natural gas is $5/million Btu, the cost of No. 2 fuel oil is $3/gal, and the cost of bituminous coal is $60/ton (1 ton = 2000 lbm)

TABLE 2.7
Typical Properties of Fuel Oils
Fuel Grade No.
Property
Color
Specific gravity at 16°C
Kinematic viscosity at 38°C (m²/s)
Pour point (°C)
Flash point (°C)
Autoignition temp. (°C)
Carbon (wt%)
Carbon residue (wt%)
Hydrogen (wt %)
Oxygen (wt%)
Ash (wt%)
HHV (MJ/kg)
Fuel Type
Proximate analysis, wt%
Volatile matter
Fixed carbon
Ultimate analysis, wt%
Hydrogen
Carbon
Sulfur
Nitrogen
Oxygen
HHV
(Btu/lb)
(MJ/kg)
81
19
Wood
6
50
0.1
0.1
44
1
Kerosene
Clear
0.825
8700
20.2
1.6 x 10-6
<-17
38
230
86.5
Trace
13.2
0.01
46.2
65
35
6
55
0.4
2
Peat Lignite
0.6
38
Distillate
Amber
0.865
2.6 x 10-6
<-18
38
260
86.4
Trace
12.7
0.04
9500
22.1
<0.01
45.4
TABLE 2.13
Representative Proximate Analysis, Ultimate Analysis, and Heating Value
of Solid Fuels (Dry, Ash-free)
55
45
51115
68
4
10,700
24.9
Very
Light
Residual
Black
0.928
15 x 10-6
-23
55
263
86.1
2.5
11.9
0.27
0.02
43.8
40
60
58223
78
13
5
Light
Residual
Bituminous
Coal
14,000
32.5
Black
0.953
50 x 10-6
-1
55
-
85.5
5.0
11.7
0.3
0.03
43.2
Residual
Black
0.986
360 x 10-6
19
6
66
408
85.7
12.0
10.5
0.38-0.64
0.04
42.4
Refuse-Derived
Fuel
85
15
7
52
0.3
0.7
40
9700
22.5
TABLE 2.2
Typical Heating Value of Some Gaseous Fuels
Fuel
HHV
Hydrogen (H₂)
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Methane (CH₂)
Ethane (C₂H₂)
Propane (C₂H₂)
Butane (C₂H₁0)
Ethylene (C₂H₂)
Acetylene (C₂H₂)
Propylene (C₂H₂)
Natural gas (typical)
Coal producer gas (typical)
Wood producer gas (typical)
At 1 atm, 25°C
(MJ/m³) MJ/kg (MJ/m³) MJ/kg
142.2
11.7
11.6
36.4
63.8
90.8
117
57.7
53.2
84.2
38.3
5.2
4.8
10.1
55.5
51.9
50.4
49.5
50.3
49.9
48.9
53.5
5.3
5.1
LHV
9.9 121.2
11.6
10.1
32.8
50.0
58.4
47.8
83.6
46.4
45.8
47.2
48.2
45.8
48.3
4.4
4.2
108
54.1
51.4
78.8
34.6
4.3
4.0

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