In the semantic comparison task of Posner’s letter identification experiment, it takes longer on average to detect the identity between the pair Aa compared to the pair AA. In the Stroop task, it takes longer to respond when seeing the word Blue written in red compared to Blue written in blue. Those effects are similar because:     They both stem from conflicting information in incongruent trials     They both stem from facilitation in congruent trials     They both stem from subjects not getting sufficiently clear instructions.     The two effects are, in fact, not similar at all and stem from totally different reasons.

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