In the reaction 1. the Law of Gravity. CACO3 CaO+ CO2 2. the Law of Conservation of Energy. 100 grams of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is observed to decompose upon heating into 56 grams of calcium oxide (CaO) and 44 grams of carbon dioxide (CO2). This is an illustration of 3. the Law of Multiple Proportions. O 4. the conversion of matter into energy. O 5. the Law of Conservation of Matter.

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States of Matter

The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates). 

Chemical Reactions and Equations

When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.