### Determining the van't Hoff Factor for a DeicerIn the lab, a student needs to determine the van't Hoff factor for a deicer in water. Using the same deicer, he prepares six solutions at different concentrations. The freezing point depression constant for water is 1.86°C/m.#### Graph AnalysisThe graph is a plot of molality (m) versus freezing point depression (K). The x-axis represents molality (m), ranging from 0 to 5, and the y-axis represents the freezing point depression (K), ranging from 0 to 30.The plotted data points form a straight line, which indicates a linear relationship between molality and freezing point depression. The line of best fit is represented by the equation:\[ y = 6x \]Here, \( y \) denotes the freezing point depression, and \( x \) denotes the molality.#### Equation DetailsThe equation \( y = 6x \) suggests that for each increase in molality by 1 unit, the freezing point depression increases by 6 K. #### General DiscussionTo identify the deicer used to prepare the solution, consider the van't Hoff factor (\(i\)), which is the ratio of the measured freezing point depression to the expected freezing point depression per unit molality, using the formula:\[ \Delta T_f = i \cdot K_f \cdot m \]Where:- \( \Delta T_f \) is the freezing point depression- \( i \) is the van't Hoff factor- \( K_f \) is the freezing point depression constant for the solvent (1.86°C/m for water)- \( m \) is the molalityFrom the graph, the slope corresponds to \( i \cdot K_f \), thus:\[ 6 = i \cdot 1.86 \]Solving for \( i \):\[ i = \frac{6}{1.86} \approx 3.23 \]#### Answer ChoicesIdentify the deicer based on the van't Hoff factor approximation:- **Magnesium chloride, MgCl₂**- **Aluminum chloride, AlCl₃**- **Potassium nitrate, KNO₃**- **Sodium acetate, NaC₂H₃O₂**Given the calculated van't Hoff factor \( \approx 3 \), the likely deicer is **Aluminum

The depression in freezing point is given by depression in freezing point = i X Kf X m where i =…

In the lab, a student needs to determine the van't Hoff factor for a deicer in water. Using the same deicer, he prepares six solutions at different concentrations. The freezing point depression constant for water is 1.86°C/m.

In the lab, a student needs to determine the van't Hoff factor for a deicer in water. Using the same deicer, he prepares six solutions at different concentrations. The freezing point depression constant for water is 1.86°C/m.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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