In the Hall–Héroult process for the electrolytic production of aluminum, Al3 ions from Al2O3 dissolved in molten cryolite (Na3AlF6) are reduced to Al(s) while carbon (graphite) is oxidized to CO2 by reaction with oxide ions. (a)  Write balanced equations for the half-reactions at the anode and at the cathode, and for the overall cell reaction. (b)  If a current of 50,000 A is passed through the cell for a period of 24 hours, what mass of aluminum will be recovered?

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Electrolysis

Electrolysis is defined as the process of breaking down ionic compounds into their constituent elements by passing a direct electric current through the compound in a fluid state. The cathode reduces cations, while the anode oxidizes anions. An electrolyte, electrodes, and some form of external power source are the main components required for conducting electrolysis. A partition, such as an ion-exchange membrane or a salt bridge, may also be used, but this is optional. These are primarily used to prevent the products from diffusing near the opposing electrode.