In the first upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider, each of the colliding proton beams was designed to reach an energy of 7 TeV (7 × 10'2 eV). What is the corresponding Lorentz y -factor and what is u/c for a proton beam of this energy, given that in special relativity the total energy E is given by E = ymc2, where m is the rest mass?
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