"In the consulship of P. Licinius and C. Cassius (171) it was not just the city of Rome and Italy, but all the kings and cities in Europe and Asia who anxiously turned their attention to the (impending) war between Macedon and Rome. Eumenes was moved by his old hatred and also by recent feelings of anger for having very nearly fallen like a sacrificial victim to the plot of the king (Perseus) at Delphi. Prusias the king of Bithynia had decided not to resort to arms and to wait for the outcome; the Romans could not think it right for him to take up arms against the brother of his wife, and should Perseus win he would obtain his pardon through his sister. Ariarathes the king of Cappadocia, besides promising personally to support the Romans, had identified himself with all the policies of Eumenes in war and peace ever since he had become his relative. Antiochus, it is true, was threatening the kingdom of Egypt, and despised the king's youth and the incapacity of his tutors; he believed that by provoking a dispute about Coele Syria he would gain a pretext for war and there would be no obstacle in his way as the Romans would be involved in the Macedonian war. Nonetheless, as regards the war, he had strenuously made every promise to the Senate through his own envoys and in person to their representatives. Ptolemy (VI Philometor) because of his age was still dependent on others; his tutors were preparing the war against Antiochus to stake their claim to Coele Syria, and at the same time were promising everything to the Romans for the Macedonian war. Masinissa was helping the Romans by sending them grain and was getting ready to send to the war auxiliaries with elephants and his son Misagenes. He had laid his plans to meet any eventuality: should victory stay with the Romans his own position would remain the same as before; he would not make any further movement, since the Romans would not suffer him to use force against the Carthaginians. But if the power of Rome, which at the time was protecting the Carthaginians, was shattered, the whole of Africa would be his." 3a. The passage describes events after the First and Second Macedonian Wars, as well as after the Roman-Seleucid War. a. True b. False 3b. The passage describes events after the Third Macedonian War. a. True b. False 3c. The passage was written by Polybius. a. True b. False 3d. The passage attempts to analyze the political calculations of various Hellenistic rulers. with respect to their relations with Rome and its growing political influence. a. True b. False

"In the consulship of P. Licinius and C. Cassius (171) it was not just the city of Rome and Italy, but all the kings and cities in Europe and Asia who anxiously turned their attention to the (impending) war between Macedon and Rome. Eumenes was moved by his old hatred and also by recent feelings of anger for having very nearly fallen like a sacrificial victim to the plot of the king (Perseus) at Delphi. Prusias the king of Bithynia had decided not to resort to arms and to wait for the outcome; the Romans could not think it right for him to take up arms against the brother of his wife, and should Perseus win he would obtain his pardon through his sister. Ariarathes the king of Cappadocia, besides promising personally to support the Romans, had identified himself with all the policies of Eumenes in war and peace ever since he had become his relative. Antiochus, it is true, was threatening the kingdom of Egypt, and despised the king's youth and the incapacity of his tutors; he believed that by provoking a dispute about Coele Syria he would gain a pretext for war and there would be no obstacle in his way as the Romans would be involved in the Macedonian war. Nonetheless, as regards the war, he had strenuously made every promise to the Senate through his own envoys and in person to their representatives. Ptolemy (VI Philometor) because of his age was still dependent on others; his tutors were preparing the war against Antiochus to stake their claim to Coele Syria, and at the same time were promising everything to the Romans for the Macedonian war. Masinissa was helping the Romans by sending them grain and was getting ready to send to the war auxiliaries with elephants and his son Misagenes. He had laid his plans to meet any eventuality: should victory stay with the Romans his own position would remain the same as before; he would not make any further movement, since the Romans would not suffer him to use force against the Carthaginians. But if the power of Rome, which at the time was protecting the Carthaginians, was shattered, the whole of Africa would be his." 3a. The passage describes events after the First and Second Macedonian Wars, as well as after the Roman-Seleucid War. a. True b. False 3b. The passage describes events after the Third Macedonian War. a. True b. False 3c. The passage was written by Polybius. a. True b. False 3d. The passage attempts to analyze the political calculations of various Hellenistic rulers. with respect to their relations with Rome and its growing political influence. a. True b. False