In Section 18.4 we considered the following mechanism for the reaction of Br, with H;: Br2 + M 2 Br + Br + M k- Br + H2 HBr + H H + Br2 HBr + Br Although this is adequate for calculating the initial rate of reaction, before product HBr builds up, there is an additional process that can participate as the reaction continues: HBr + H H2 + Br (a) Write an expression for the rate of change of [H]. (b) Write an expression for the rate of change of [Br]. (c) As hydrogen and bromine atoms are both short-lived species, we can make the steady-state approximation and set the rates from parts (a) and (b) to 0. Express the steady-state concentrations [H] and [Br] in terms of concentrations of H, Br2, HBr, and M. [Hint: Try adding the rate for part (a) to that for part (b).] (d) Express the rate of production of HBr in terms of соncеnraions of H, Brz, HB, аnd M.

In Section 18.4 we considered the following mechanism for the reaction of Br, with H;: Br2 + M 2 Br + Br + M k- Br + H2 HBr + H H + Br2 HBr + Br Although this is adequate for calculating the initial rate of reaction, before product HBr builds up, there is an additional process that can participate as the reaction continues: HBr + H H2 + Br (a) Write an expression for the rate of change of [H]. (b) Write an expression for the rate of change of [Br]. (c) As hydrogen and bromine atoms are both short-lived species, we can make the steady-state approximation and set the rates from parts (a) and (b) to 0. Express the steady-state concentrations [H] and [Br] in terms of concentrations of H, Br2, HBr, and M. [Hint: Try adding the rate for part (a) to that for part (b).] (d) Express the rate of production of HBr in terms of соncеnraions of H, Brz, HB, аnd M.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

For the overall gas-phase reaction of the formation of phosgene (Cl₂CO) from carbon monoxide and chlorine, the following mechanism has been proposed: Cl₂ + M2CI+M k_1 CI+CO+MCICO + M k_2 k3 CICO + Cl₂C₁₂CO+CI Derive the expected rate law assuming [M] is large and constant, and using: (a) The equilibrium assumption for the first two steps. (b) Instead using the steady state assumption for any intermediates. (c) Why does the reaction become zeroth order in [CO] in the steady state case? (d) The actual rate law is 3/2 order in [Cl₂] and first order in [CO]. Which mechanism is likely correct? (e) Is the other mechanism possible, based on the observed orders?
Please provide proper explanation of the concept and solution
Consider the following 2-step reaction mechanism, consisting of elementary steps: k1 2 XO2g) k-1 Step 1: X2O4(g) k2 Step 2: X2O4(g) + Br2७) Br2(g) + 2 XO2Br(g) a) Complete the following (if none exist, write 'none'). The reaction intermediate(s) is/are... i) The reaction catalysts(s) is/are.. b) Without assuming the relative reaction rates of Step 1 or Step 2, determine the rate law that is predicted by this mechanism. If Step 2 is a fast reaction (and Step 1 was a slow equilibrium), determine the overall reaction order.
The formation of iodine is described by the following chemical equation: H, (g) + 2IC1 (g) → 2HC1 (g) +Iz (g) Suppose a two-step mechanism is proposed for this reaction, beginning with this elementary reaction: H, (g) + IC1 (g) НI (g) + HCI (g) Suppose also that the second step of the mechanism should be bimolecular. Suggest a reasonable second step. That is, write the balanced chemical equation of a bimolecular elementary reaction that would complete the proposed mechanism.
Suppose the reduction of nitric oxide proceeds by the following mechanism: step elementary reaction rate constant 1 H,(g) + 2 NO(g) → N,0(g) + H,0(g) k1 2 H2(9) + N,0(9) → N2(9) + H,O(g) Suppose also k, «k,. That is, the first step is much slower than the second. Write the balanced chemical equation for the overall chemical reaction: Write the experimentally- observable rate law for the overall chemical reaction. rate = k U Note: your answer should not contain the concentrations of any intermediates. Express the rate constant k for the overall chemical reaction in terms of k1, k2, and (if necessary) the rate constants k.1 and k-2 for k = the reverse of the two elementary reactions in the mechanism.
At a certain temperature the rate of this reaction is first order in N₂O5 with a rate constant of 0.0125 s¯¹: 2N₂O5 (g) → 2N₂O4 (8) + 0₂ (8) Suppose a vessel contains N₂O5 at a concentration of 1.14M. Calculate the concentration of N₂O5 in the vessel 88.0 seconds later. You may assume no of reaction is important. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
H2 reacts with ClF. Someone thinks this is the mechanism: H2(g) + ClF(g) → HCl(g) + HF(g) HCl(g) + ClF(g) → Cl2(g) + HF(g) (a) Write the balanced equation for the overall reaction. (b) Identify any intermediates in the mechanism, if any. (c) identify and catalysts in the mechanism, if any. (d) Write rate laws for each elementary reaction in the mechanism. (e) If the first step is slow and the second one is fast, what rate law do you expect to be observed for the overall reaction?
The following kinetic data were collected at 298 K for the reaction of ozone with nitrite ion, producing nitrate and oxygen: NO, (aq) +O,(g) NO, (aq) +0,(g) > Experiment [NO2 lo (M) [O3lo (M) Initial Rate (M/s) 1 0.0100 0.0050 25.0 0.0150 0.0050 37.5 3 0.0200 0.0050 50.0 0.0200 0.0200 200.0
Consider the hypothetical reaction A(g) + B(g) C(g) The four containers below represent this reaction being run with different initial amounts of A and B. Assume that the volume of each container is 1.0L. The reaction is second order with respect to A and first order in respect to B. Which of the containers, W,X,Y or Z, would have the greatest reaction rate? Justify your answer.
Identify the molecularity of each elementary reaction in the table below. elementary reaction 2NO(g) + Br₂(g) 2NOBr(g) N₂O(g) → N₂(g) + 0(g) CH₂ CH₂ Br(aq) + OH(aq) CH₂CH₂OH(aq) + Br (aq) molecularity Ounimolecular Obimolecular O Cannot be determined. Ounimolecular Obimolecular O termolecular O quadrimolecular O termolecular O quadrimolecular Cannot be determined. unimolecular Obimolecular O Cannot be determined. O termolecular O quadrimolecular X G
The following mechanism has been proposed for the atmospheric decomposition of nitric oxide (NO). Step 1: 2 NO (g)  N2O Step 2: 2 (g)N2O2 (g) + H2 (g)  N2O(g) + H2O(g) Step : N2O(g) + H2 (g)  N2 (g) + H2O(g) Identify any intermediates in this reaction mechanism. Write the overall chemical reaction. Sketch the energy diagram for Step 1. E = - 4 kJ/mole. Include axes with labels. Label the reactants, product, and transition state on the energy diagram. Write the differential rate law for Step 1
Writing the rate law implied by a simple mechanism with an initial slow... Suppose the formation of nitryl fluoride proceeds by the following mechanism: elementary reaction step 1 NO₂ (g) +F₂ (g) 2 k₁ k₂ 2 F (g) + NO₂(g) → NO₂F (g) Suppose also k₁ « k₂. That is, the first step is much slower than the second. Write the balanced chemical equation for the overall chemical reaction. Write the experimentally- observable rate law for the overall chemical reaction. NO₂F (g) +F (g) Note: your answer should not contain the concentrations of any intermediates. rate constant rate = k 0+ 00 X Ś