### Understanding the Role of the Null Hypothesis in Hypothesis Testing#### Question:In hypothesis testing, why do we start with a no-difference null hypothesis and then try to reject it?#### Options:1. Because the no-difference hypothesis is the hypothesis that researchers try to establish.2. To boost the probability of accepting the alternative hypothesis.3. For the sake of convenience.4. We assume that there is no difference unless there is a strong enough evidence to reject that.**Explanation:**Hypothesis testing is a fundamental procedure in statistics for assessing if there is enough evidence to reject a hypothesis about a population parameter. This process generally starts with the assumption that there is no effect or difference, which is referred to as the null hypothesis (\(H_0\)). The primary goal is to challenge this assumption by gathering and analyzing data. Only if the evidence is strong enough do we reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis (\(H_1\)).The correct option emphasizes the principle of the burden of proof: **"We assume that there is no difference unless there is strong enough evidence to reject that."** This ensures that researchers require significant evidence to make a claim of an effect, thus maintaining scientific rigor and reducing the likelihood of false positive findings (Type I errors).

A null hypothesis is a statement of no difference between the population parameter and a…

Answered: In hypothesis testing, why do we start…

A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)

10th Edition

ISBN:9780134753119

Author:Sheldon Ross

Publisher:Sheldon Ross

Chapter1: Combinatorial Analysis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P: a. How many different 7-place license plates are possible if the first 2 places are for letters and...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

During an outbreak, a test is administered for the (fictional) disease stelastr. The chance is 0.9 of a positive result if someone has stelastr and the chance of a negative result if someone does not have stelastr is 0.6 What is the chance of a negative result if someone has stelastr? [Select] The chance that someone in the general population has stelastr is 0.7 What is the chance that someone in the general population does not have stelastr? [Select] Recall the partition theorem. The chance of a positive result is (the chance of a positive result and the patient has stelastr) plus (the chance of a positive result and the patient does not have stelastr). P(X) = P(X|Y) P(Y) + P(X| not Y) P( not Y) What is the chance of a positive result and the patient has stelastr? [S [Select] We want to figure out the chance that a positive test result means the patient has stelastr. This is Bayes's formula P(B|A) = P(A/B) P(B)/P(A) The terms on the right hand side we already know, and the term on the…
It has recently been claimed that 25% of adults consider spring to be their favorite season of the year. A researcher is skeptical of this claim and believes this percentage is too low. She surveys a random of 1,000 adults and finds that 390 of these adults consider spring to be their favorite season of the year. As she prepares to conduct a hypothesis test, the researcher writes out her alternative hypothesis as “p < 0.25.” What is wrong with this? The alternative hypothesis should be “p > 0.39.” The alternative hypothesis should be “p < 0.39.” The alternative hypothesis should be “p > 0.25.” The alternative hypothesis should be “p = 0.25.” Nothing is wrong with the given alternative hypothesis.
Joon wants to determine whether his San Jose oil field will yield oil. He has hired a geologist to run tests on the field. If there is oil in the field, there is a 95% chance that the test will indicate oil. If the field contains no oil, there is a 5% chance that the test will indicate oil. If the test indicates that there is no oil in the field, what is the probability that the field contains oil? Before the test, Joon believes that there is a 10% chance that the field will yield oil.
A person rides uber 30% of the time, her roommate gives her a ride 30% of the time and she rides with her mom 40% of the time. She is late 10% of the time with her roommate she is late 3% of the time when she rides uber and 7% of the time when she rides with her mom. What is the probability that she wil be on time if she rides with her roommate?
Need answer and explanation!
Ponderosa Paint and Glass carries three brands of paint. A customer wants to buy another gallon of paint to match paint she purchased at the store previously. She can’t recall the brand name and does not wish to return home to find the old can of paint. So, she selects two of the three brands of paint at random and buys them. What is the probability that she matched the paint brand? Her husband also goes to the paint store and fails to remember what brand to buy. So, he also purchases two of the three brands of paint at random. Determine the probability that both the woman and her husband fail to get the correct brand of paint. (Hint: Are the husband’s selections independent of the wife’s selections?)
A gambler is trying to decide if a coin is weighted so he flips it 40 times and finds that only 24% turn up heads. From this data, it looks like the coin is weighted to turn up tails more often, but his sample could have been a random chance. Being well-initiated in the practice of statistics he decides to run a hypothesis test.(a) Complete the mathematical statement of the null hypothesis where we are taking to be the proportion of the 40 flips that turn up heads: H0 : p = _______ (b) Complete the mathematical statement of the alternative hypothesis:HA : p __________
Determine the null and alternative hypotheses. A. H0: All outcomes are equally likely. Ha: At least one of the probabilities is different from the others. This is the correct answer. B. H0: At least one of the probabilities is different from the others. Ha: All outcomes are equally likely. C. H0: All frequencies are equal to 5. Ha: All frequencies are less than 5. Your answer is not correct. D. H0: All frequencies are less than 5. Ha: All frequencies are equal to 5. Compute the value of the test statistic, χ2. χ2= (Round to two decimal places as needed.) Find the P-value. P= (Round to three decimal places as needed.) Does it appear that the loaded die behaves differently than a regular die? A. Yes, because there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis. B. No, because there is not sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis. answer is correct. C. Yes, because there is not…
A new memory pill actually does not work at all. However, a researcher gives it to a sample, and by pure chance, he happens to have gotten a sample of people with above average memory. So, he wrongly concludes that it was the pill that was responsible for their good memory, and he concludes that the pill works. What has happened? The researcher has made a type II error Need more information to answer The researcher has made the correct decision The researcher has made a type I error
You are hiking through the woods, and come across some tracks; based on your expe- rience, you estimate there is a 40% chance the tracks are from a dog, a 30% chance the tracks are from a wolf, a 20% chance the tracks are from a coyote, and a 10% chance the tracks are from some other animal. Your friend, also a nature lover, notices some white hairs in the tracks. They know that 20% of dogs have white hair, 50% of wolves have white hair, 10% of coyotes have white hair, and 30% of other animals in the area have white hair. What are the odds of these tracks coming from a dog, wolf, coyote, or other animal?
According to the college registrar's office, 45% of students enrolled in an introductory statistics class this semester are freshmen, 20% are sophomores, 25% are juniors, and 10% are seniors. You want to determine the probability that in a random sample of five students enrolled in introductory statistics this semester, exactly two are freshmen. (a) Describe a trial. Can we model a trial as having only two outcomes? If so, what is success? What is failure? Choose one of the statements below:A. A trial consists of looking at the class status of a student enrolled in introductory statistics. Yes we can model this trial with "freshman" being a success and "any other class" as a failure.B. A trial consists of looking at the class status of a student enrolled in introductory statistics. Yes we can model this trial with "junior" being a success and "any other class" as a failure.C. A trial consists of looking at the class status of a student enrolled in introductory statistics. Yes we can…
In hypothesis testing, O if the P-value is 0.01, we should conclude there is a 1% chance the null hypothesis is false. O neither the test statistic nor the P-value can ever be negative. O we always begin the hypothesis test by assuming the null hypothesis is true. O if the P-value is 0.99, we should conclude that the null hypothesis is true. O results that are statistically significant will always be practically important (or practically significant).

SEE MORE QUESTIONS

Recommended textbooks for you

A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)

Probability

ISBN:

9780134753119

Author:

Sheldon Ross

Publisher:

PEARSON

A First Course in Probability

Probability

ISBN:

9780321794772

Author:

Sheldon Ross

Publisher:

PEARSON

A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)

Probability

ISBN:

9780134753119

Author:

Sheldon Ross

Publisher:

PEARSON

A First Course in Probability

Probability

ISBN:

9780321794772

Author:

Sheldon Ross

Publisher:

PEARSON

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS